English Flashcards
(26 cards)
The process of presenting a set of reasons or evidence in order to persuade an audience to accept or agree with a particular point of view, claim, or proposition.
It involves crafting a logical and compelling argument that supports a specific position on an issue.
Argumentation
defines the writer’s position, interpretation, and stand in an issue.
Claim-
Is the opposing statement that argues with someone’s claims or views.
Counterclaim-
it exist when words and phrases used are offensive, discriminatory, and hurtful, which in effect create superiority or inferiority in age, sex, culture, race, religion, social status, and of physical attributes.
Language Bias
Calling older people “the elderly” or “the aged”.
Age
— Describing people with different abilities or health conditions as “wheelchair-bound” or “victims” of a disease.
Ability or health status
— Using terms like “homosexuals” or “the gays”.
Sexual orientation and identity
— Referring to members of one religion as “fanatic” and to those of another as “devout”.
Religion
— Using “blacklist” and “whitelist” instead of “blocked list” and “allowed list” in software solutions. This implies that “black” is somehow bad while “white” is good.
Race and ethnicity
— Labeling people as “poor” or “lower class” to describe their socioeconomic status.
Social class
- the use of information that misleads and distorts facts that could cause confusion and misunderstanding. is data or information that doesn’t accurately reflect the true state of the world.
Information Biased
- when authors choose to disclose only selected facts and omit other information from the readers.
Withholding Information
- use of words that stir up feelings and emotions. Writers persuade readers using these words in place of facts of evidence and convincing arguments.
Emotionally charged language
is a form of communication that aims to influence the attitude of a community toward some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument.
Propaganda
Common Types of Propaganda Techniques
Bandwagon
Glittering generalities
Name calling
Plain folk
Testimonial
Transfer
Card stacking
is the use of a thing, idea, or trend that attracts growing support from a number of people.
Bandwagon
The use of praises or pleasant-sounding words and comments in favor of someone or something. These words paint a positive description of people and things much like the glitter and sparkle that you see in a diamond.
Glittering generalities
It is often a destructive rather than constructive propaganda. is a technique that uses negative descriptions, comments, or ideas that are labeled or tagged to someone or something.
Name-calling
The use or portrayal of ordinary people in real-life settings to promote an idea, product, or service
Plain folk
It is a method of using the words, impressions, and recommendations of a famous person to promote an idea, product, or service.
Testimonial
A technique that projects or transfers certain positive or negative qualities of a person, ideology, or object to other things and people that make them more or less attractive.
Transfer
This technique also involves the deliberate omission of certain facts that may make the thing or person look bad.
Card stacking
are statements that can be objectively verified and proven to be true or false.
They are based on empirical evidence and are not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or biases.
Facts
are often concrete and verifiable by multiple sources.
Facts
