English Definitions

Question 1

Utilitarianism

Answer 1

The doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.

Question 2

Dramatic Irony

Answer 2

When the reader knows more than the characters in the novel.

Question 3

Barbarism

Answer 3

Extreme cruelty or brutality.

Question 4

Paradigms

Answer 4

Ways of thinking.

Question 5

Anthropomorphism

Answer 5

The attribution of human characteristics or behaviour to a god, animal or object.

Question 6

Polemic

Answer 6

A writing proposing a strongly critical attack or controversial opinion.

Question 7

Allegory

Answer 7

A story, poem or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

Question 8

Hegemony

Answer 8

Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.

Question 9

Intentionalism

Answer 9

The thesis that all mental states are intentional.

Question 10

Indictment

Answer 10

A thing that serves to illustrate a system is bad and deserves to be condemned.

Question 11

Zeitgeist

Answer 11

The spirit of the time.

Question 12

Bourgeoisie

Answer 12

Middle-upper class.

Question 13

Proletariat

Answer 13

Lower class.

Question 14

Totalitarianism

Answer 14

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator.

Question 15

Pejorative

Answer 15

Expressing contempt or disapproval.

Question 16

Debauchery

Answer 16

Excessive indulgence in alcohol or drugs.

Question 17

Satire

Answer 17

The use of humour, irony, exaggeration or ridicule to expose and criticise people’s stupidity or vices.

Question 18

Avarice

Answer 18

Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.

Question 19

Denouement

Answer 19

Ending of the novella.

Question 20

Ideology

Answer 20

Beliefs and values.

Question 21

Despot

Answer 21

A ruler or other person who holds absolute power, typically exercising it in a cruel way.

Question 22

Metanarratives

Answer 22

A narrative that explores the ideas of storytelling, often highlighting its own artificiality.

Question 23

Existentialism

Answer 23

The philosophical concept that the only thing we know is our own mind.

Question 24

Autocracy

Answer 24

Controlling leadership by one figure.

Question 25

Didactic

Answer 25

Intended to teach, particularly having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.

Question 26

Malevolent

Answer 26

Evil.

Question 27

Subverts

Answer 27

To oppose.

Question 28

Gluttonous

Answer 28

Excessively greedy.

Question 29

Theocracy

Answer 29

A country dominated by religion.

Question 30

Delineate

Answer 30

To describe or portray something clearly.

Question 31

Galvanise

Answer 31

To excite into action.

Question 32

Tyranny

Answer 32

Cruel and oppressive government or rule.

Question 33

Meritocracy

Answer 33

The belief that you should earn what you work for.

Question 34

Nihilism

Answer 34

The belief in nothing.

Question 35

Exposition

Answer 35

The opening of a text.

Question 36

Everyman

Answer 36

Common, average person.

Question 37

Gravitas

Answer 37

Seriousness and importance of manner causing respect.

Question 38

Ostentatious

Answer 38

Characterised by showy displays; designed to impress.

Question 39

Rhetoric

Answer 39

The art of persuasion.

Question 40

Eugenics

Answer 40

Selective breeding of human populations to improve genetic composition.

Question 41

Destitute

Answer 41

Impoverished.

Question 42

Idealism

Answer 42

The unrealistic belief in or pursuit of perfection.

Question 43

Utopia

Answer 43

A place of ideal perfection in laws, government and social conditions.

Question 44

Dystopia

Answer 44

An imagined state or society of great suffering, injustice, or totalitarian control.

Question 45

Subversive

Answer 45

To rebel against a fixed regime.

Question 46

Jingoism

Answer 46

Extreme patriotism.

Question 47

Ultra-nationalistic

Answer 47

Extreme nationalism that prioritizes one state or people.

Question 48

Imperium

Answer 48

Absolute power.

Question 49

Approbation

Answer 49

Approval or praise.

Question 50

Doctrine

Answer 50

A belief or set of beliefs held by a group.

Question 51

Connotations

Answer 51

Ideas or feelings a word invokes beyond its literal meaning.

Question 52

Fulcrum

Answer 52

A central or essential role in an activity or situation.

Question 53

Stratification

Answer 53

The classification of something into different groups.

Question 54

Parody

Answer 54

Mocking something by mimicking it.

Question 55

Moral Imperatives

Answer 55

A strongly held belief about what must be done based on ethical consequences.

Question 56

Moral Relativism

Answer 56

The view that moral judgments are shaped by power and context.

Question 57

Mythologised

Answer 57

Converted into myth or made the subject of a myth.