ENOT/Opthalmology Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
What is the etiology of AOM
A
Viral URI that leads to bacteria
2
Q
what are the MC organisms for AOM
A
- strep Pneumo
- M. Cat
- H. Flu
3
Q
How do eustachian tubes of children differ from eustachian tubes of adults
A
children’s eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal
4
Q
what are the s/s of AOM
A
- preceding URI
- fever, otalgia, otorrhea, irritability, tugging at ears
- inflammation of TM
- bulging TM
5
Q
How do you treat AOM?
A
- amoxicillin
- PCN allergy = erythromycin-sulfisoxazole
I saw this PCN allergy thing on kaplan, must be an updated thing. Idk, take it as you will lol.
6
Q
what is the etiology of strep pharyngitis
A
GAS
7
Q
what are S/S of strep pharyngitis
A
- sore throat
- absence of cough
- anterior cervical LAD
- palatal petechiae
- tonsillar exudates
8
Q
How do you treat strep pharyngitis
A
- PCN or amoxicillin
- PCN allergy = keflex or cefdinir or azithromycin or clinda
change toothbrush after 24 hours!
9
Q
history of patient with allergic rhinitis
A
- family and personal history of allergy symptoms
- dermatitis and eczema and asthma
10
Q
what are s/s of allergic rhinitis
A
-rhinorrhea
-sneezing
-nasal obstruction
-itching
-cough
-shiners
-salute sign
-pale, boggy mucosa
-cobblestoning
11
Q
Management of allergic rhinitis
A
- intranasal steroids
- antihistamines
12
Q
what are the s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis
A
- purulent discharge
- conjunctival injection
13
Q
what is the MCC of bacterial conjunctivitis in children
A
strep pneumo
14
Q
what is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis
A
- polytrim eye drops (polymyxin B/ trimethoprim)
- could also use erythromycin drops
15
Q
what is the treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis
A
rocephin
16
Q
what is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis
A
azithromycin (1G oral one dose)
or doxycycline
17
Q
what is the MC infectious cause of blindness
A
chlamydial conjunctivitis
18
Q
what are the s/s of viral conjunctivitis
A
- watery drainage
- BILATERAL red or pink eye
- foreign body sensation
- preauricular LAD
19
Q
what is the MCC of viral conjunctivitis
A
adenovirus
20
Q
what is the treatment of viral conjunctivitis
A
- cool compress
- artificial tears
- antihistamines for itching/redness
21
Q
what are s/s of allergic conjunctivitis
A
- BILATERAL red eyes
- itching
- clear watery discharge
- cobblestoning on inner and upper eyelid
22
Q
what is the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
A
- topical antihistamines (olopatadine)
23
Q
what is the etiology of epiglottitis
A
H influenza (Hib)
24
Q
what are the clinical findings of epiglottitis
A
- rapid onset of fever and dysphagia
- drooling, tripod stance and inspiratory stridor
- toxic appearance
25
how do you diagnose epiglottitis
* xray of lateral soft tissue of the neck showing thumbprint sign
* also clinically with visualization of cherry red epiglottis
26
what is the treatment for epiglottitis
* maintain the airway
* IV vanc and rocephin
27
what is the MC type of epistaxis
anterior bleed from kiesselbachs plexus
28
how do you manage anterior epistaxis
* pressure on site with sitting leaning forward
* if bleeding continues: vasoconstriction (via cocaine, lidocaine, epi) or silver nitrate
* if continues: nasal packing (gross)
| rosh said oxymetolazine 1st line for vasoconstriction then phenylephrine
29
what is the management of posterior epistaxis
packing via foley, gauze or intranasal balloon device
30
What must be given to all patients when they recieve nasal packing
prophylactic antibiotics for TSS
(augmentin, keflex or bactrim is what is recommended via my personal research)
31
what is the MC congenital abnormality in newborns
hearing loss
32
how are hearing screenings performed
* birth to 3: behavioral and language responses
* 4+: audiometry
33
what is the etiology of mastoiditis
untreated OM
34
what is the presentation of mastoiditis
* fever
* otalgia and proptosis
* erythema to the posterior ear (mastoid process)
35
how do you diagnose mastoiditis
CT scan
36
what is the treatment of mastoiditis
IV rocephin followed by oral augmentin
37
what are risk factors for oral candidiasis
* young infants
* DM
* immunocompromised
38
what is the presentation of oral candidiasis
* burning of the tongue
* creamy curd on the tongue and mucosa
* CAN be scraped off
39
how do you diagnose oral candidiasis
* mostly clinical
* wet prep with KOH
40
what is the treatment of oral candidiasis
oral nystatin
41
what is the etiology of orbital cellulitis
acute sinusitis
42
what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis
* fever
* pain and erythema with ptosis and chemosis
* limited EOM!!!
43
How do you diagnose orbital cellulitis
orbital CT
44
what is the treatment of orbital cellulitis
* IV vanc + rocephin
* then switch to PO bactrim for 2-5 weeks
45
what is the MCC of otitis externa
psuedomonas
46
what are the s/s of acute otitis externa
* itching
* pain with palpation of tragus or traction of auricle
* purulent discharge
47
what is the treatment of otitis externa
* topical antibiotics (cipro or ofloxacin)
* ear wick
48
what is the treatment of diffuse otitis externa
oral cipro
49
who is diffuse otitis externa MC seen in?
immunocompromised patients
50
what is furunculosis
infection of hair follicle in the ear
51
what is the MCC of acute otitis externa 2/2 furnuculosis
staph aureus
52
how do you treat furunculosis otitis externa
* oral dicloxacillin or keflex
* I&D if needed
53
what is the etiology of otomycosis
aspergillosis and/or candidiasis
54
what is the presentation of otomycosis
* deep seated itching
* foreign body sensation in ear
* soft white sebaceous-like material that fills ear canal
55
what is the treatment of otomycosis
clotrimazole 1% solution BID
56
what is the etiology of non-infective otitis externa
* seborrheic dermatitis
* psoriasis
* contact dermatitis
57
what is the treatment of non-infective otitis externa
topical steroids
58
what is the etiology of malignant otitis externa
pseudomonas
59
what is the presentation of malignant/necrotizing otitis externa
* severe deep seated otalgia out of proportion to exam findings
* granulation tissue at the bony cartilaginous junction of the ear canal floor
60
how do you diagnose chronic otitis externa
* CT
* biopsy of granulation tissue
61
what is the treatment of chronic otitis externa
IV and oral cipro
62
what is the etiology of peritonsillar abscess
* strep pyogenes
* staph aureus
63
what is the presentation of peritonsillar abscesses
* unilateral swelling with a deviated uvula
* drooling, odynophagia, muffled voice
* severe sore throat
64
How do you diagnose peritonsillar abscess
CT w contrast
65
what is the management for peritonsillar abscess
* airway management
* unasyn or clinda IV then switch to augmentin or clinda PO
66
what is strabismus
crossed eyes
67
what are the types of strabismus
* esotropia (inward)
* exotropia (outward)
* hypertropia (upward)
* hypotropia (downward)
68
what is a corneal light reflex
shine a light toward a child's eye. the light should be reflected in the same spot in the two corneas.
69
what is the cover test
* child fixated on target in distance
* briefly cover one eye
* watch for eye to refixate when covering the other eye
70
what is the cover/uncover test
* child visually fixates on item in distance
* watch for eye to deviate when covering and uncovering
71
what is the bruckner red reflex
shine light on eyes to make sure both red reflexes are the same
72
what is the treatment of strabismus
* corrective lenses
* patching
* surgery
73
what is the treatment of a ruptured TM
* audiogram
* oral amoxicillin
* earplugs when swimming and bathing
* resolves spontaneously
