ENT Flashcards
What is malignant otitis externa? Who gets it?
Osteomyelitis of external auditory canal and skull base
Elderly patients with diabetes
Severe ear pain, prominent discharge, external auditory canal erythema
What is otosclerosis?
Bony overgrowth of the stapes footplate, resulting in conductive hearing loss
What does CPAP do to nose?
Cold, dry, pressurized air:
1. Recurrent epistaxis
2. Dryness
3. Obstruction
Nasal mucosa appears dry and erythematous with significant crusting
Oxymetazoline
Topical vasoconstrictor - can be used for acute epistaxis if nostril pinching doesn’t work
Not useful for prevention
Should not be used >3 days due to risk of rebound congestion
What is perilymphatic fistula?
Leakage of endolymph from semicircular canals and cochlea, a result of head injury or barotrauma
- Progressive sensorineual hearing loss due to hair cell damage
- Episodic vertigo with nystagmus with inner ear pressure changes due to sudden increase in leakage
Tullio phenomenon: clap by patient’s ear to send pressure difference via ossicle solid conduction and watch for nystagmus
What causes Meniere disease symptoms?
Increased volume and pressure of endolymph in vestibular system
Sign of nasal septum perforation? Causes?
Whistling noise heard during respiration
Causes:
Trauma or surgery due to hematoma or abscess
Syphilis, tuberculosis
Intranasal cocaine
Sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Ludwig angina
Rapidly progressive cellulitis of submandibular and sublingual spaces –> acute airway obstruction
Most from contiguous spread of polymicrobial dental infections in mandibular molars
Woody, brawny neck without lymphadenopathy
Danger of retropharyngeal space infection
Extend through alar fascia into danger space, posterior mediatinum –> acute necrotizing mediastinitis
Purpose of head thrust test
Test vestibuloocular reflex, affected by peripheral vestibulopathies
Not used for BPPV
