Heme Flashcards
Ipilimumab/Yervoy
CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitor
Nivolumab/Opdivo
PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor
Axicabtagene/Yescarta
anti-CD19 CAR-T (CD28 construct)
Brexucabtagene/Tecartus
anti-CD19 CAR-T (CD28 construct)
Tisagenlecleucel/Kymriah
anti-CD19 CAR-T (41BB construct)
Lisocabtagene/Breyanzi
anti-CD19 CAR-T (41BB construct)
Ciltacabtagene/Carvykti
anti-BCMA CAR-T (41BB construct)
Idecabtagene /Abecma
anti-BCMA CAR-T (41BB construct)
What does CTLA-4 bind to?
Dendritic cell ligand B7 (CD80), which would otherwise bind to CD28; this results in immune suppression
Which is more serious - PD-1 or CTLA-4 inhibition?
CTLA-4 has more severe side effects
Combined Research:
Cornell - Supplemental Application needed
UPenn - no supplemental needed
Mount Sinai - separate residency number
NYU - physician scientist track on website but link broken; clinical investigator track also exists
Yale - separate residency number
Beth Israel - direct ABIM
Mass Gen - Stanbury direct (fellowship not automatically coupled); will not automatically consider for categorical
Brigham - apply internally
Johns Hopkins - apply internally during intern year
Boston University - yes
Columbia - nothing
Montefiore/Einstein - not cancer specialty
Dabrafenib
BRAF inhibitor
Used in combination with trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, for melanoma and glioma
Cytarabine
Pyrimidine analog - competes with cytidine and incorporates into DNA, inhibiting DNA replication and inhibiting DNA polymerase
Nelarabine
Purine analog - metabolized into ara-GTP, which competes with guanosine
Anamnestic antibody response
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction to RBC antigen to which patient was previously sensitized (e.g. pregnancy)
Occurs days to weeks after transfusion
ABO incompatibility would cause what key features?
- Fever, flank pain, hemoglobinuria
- DIC
- Positive Coombs test