ENT Flashcards by lauren hudson

Most common source and causes of viral conjunctivitis

Swimming pools

Adenovirus

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What type of LAD is common in viral conjunctivitis

Preauricular

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Describe viral conjunctivitis discharge

Watery or mucous can cause minimal crusting

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Allergic conjunctivitis is an ____ mediated disease

IgE ; with mast cell activation and production of histamine and tryptase

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How does allergic conjunctivitis present

Gritty sensation
Bilateral chemo sis // injection
Rhinorrhea
Sneezing

STRINGY COBBLE-STONING MUCOSA

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BACTERIAL conjunctivitis with contact lens wear you want to consider what

Pseudomonas infection

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If bacterial conjunctivitis is due to HIB or strep how long will they likely be effected

5 weeks

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Patients often wake up how with bacterial conjunctivitis

Eyes glued shut!

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Psuedomonas bacterial conjunctivitis is treated how

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Gonoccal or chlamydia conjunctivitis is treated how

G = Ceftriaxone

C = Tetracycline

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Bacterial conjunctivitis is rarely what?

Pruritic

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MC cause of optic neuritis and what other 2 things should you think

Sarcoid and recent viral infection

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What age range is commonly effected by optic neuritis

20-40 yr old women

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What is positive funcdoscopic for option neuritis

Enlarged optic disk [edema]

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What color vision is lost in optic neuritis

Red

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What is the defect in optic neuritis

RAPD +
[MARCUS GUNN PUPIL]
Relevant affarent pupillary defect

Pupil unilateral weak constriction ; with contralateral bilateral decreased constriction ability

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If yo suspect MS in optic neuritis do what?

Get MRI ; might have periventricular patches

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Mainstay optic neuritis treatment

Corticosteriods

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Most common cause of orbital cellulitis

Bacterial sinusitis @ the Ethmoid sinus by Staph. A

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Orbital cellulitis often has what

Diplopia + affarent pupillary defect

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Image of choice in orbital cellulitis

High Res CT

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Difference between wet and dry aged macular degeneration

Wet = Rapid onset FLOOD of vision loss [neovascular]

Dry = Drusen bodies with vision loss [atrophic]

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Metamorphosia is really common in what

Orbital cellulitis

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Who gets intravitreal anti-VEGf injection?

Wet Aged Macular Degeneration

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3 types and most common retinal detachment

Rhegmatogenous = MC Tractional Serous

How does retinal detachment happen

Hole in the retina Influx of fluid behind the retina and epithelium Causes separation between the retina and pigment epithelium

Patients with retinal detachment often have __ and present s/p

Myopia Cataracts surgery

Sxs of retinal detachment

Curtain over unilateral visual field Flashes and floaters PAINLESS

Pigments found in the anterior chamber associated with retinal detachment is often called

Schaffer’s sign + also have dull red reflex

Describe corneal ulcer on flourescein stain

Sharply demarcated ragged grey boarder

Best treatment for bacterial corneal ulcer

Refer to Optho! Topical FQ

Is eye patch recommended in corneal abrasion

NOPE

What muscle is effected in orbital blow out fracture

Inferior rectus

3 key signs of orbital blow out fracture

Double vision on upward gaze Periorbital ecchymosis Facial numbness

Patient education in mild blow out fracture

Avoid nose blowing Sleep with head elevated

A positive Seidel test indicates

Globe rupture Leakage of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber

Management globe rupture

Get them to ortho Prophylactic tetanus and antibiotics PATCH

Age 25-74 leading cause of vision loss

Diabetes

Cotton wool spots, exudates, microhemmorhage, abnormal vascularization [NON PROLIFERATIVE]

Diabetic retinopathy

What does papilledema look like

Blurred disc margins

PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

LOOKS LIKE NEOVASCULARIZATION

MANAMGENET of non vs. proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Non = laser photo COAG and vitrectomy Proliferative = anti-vegf

Patho of acute angle closure gluacoma

Flow of aqueous humor drainage blocked = increase pressure in anterior chamber pushes on the vitreous posterior chamber and pressure on optic nerve.

PE findings for acute angel closure glaucoma

Hazy cornea + severe unilateral pain + fixed mid dilated pupil + conjunctival injection with ciliary flush

Central retinal artery occlusion

Cherry red spot on fovea Pale retina

Central retinal vein occlusion

Blood and THUNDER

Anterior uveitis

Small irregular pupil pain and redness

Gold standard diagnostic for AACG

Goinometry with tonomotry showing increase ICP

Emergent management of AACG

Topical B blockers Alpha 2 adrenergic Cholinergic IV aceteozolamide

Tunnel vision with ___ and ____ = chronic angle closure gluacoma

Central vision loss and Disc Cupping

First line for glaucoma [chronic]

Topical prostaglandins to lower IOP

Vestibular neuritis vs. Labrynthitis

Both post viral infection Vestibular = only vestibular effected ; sudden onset ; prolonged severe vertigo Labrynthitis = hearing loss because cochlear as well

HINTS exam positive head impulse =

Peripheral cause away from affected side Horizontal nystagmus towards the unaffected ear

BPPV

Less than one minute of vertigo Sxs are worse with MOVEMENT

Meniers disease triad

Tinnutus Veritgo [ lasting longer than 20 mins x2 episodes] Sensorineural hearing loss *might have unsteady gait*

A management for Meniers disease

Low sodium diet Intratympanic gentamycin

Posterior nose bleed common artery

Splenopalentine artery

Epistaxis with hemoptysis and or hematemisis think

Posterior bleed

Manangement anterior epistaxis

Direct pressure Tamponade Topical vasoconstriction [phenlyephrine // oxymetazoline ] Anterior packing

How does allergic rhinitis present

Pale boggy nasal turbinates Nasal polyps Allergic sauté Allergic shiner

Management allergic rhinitis

Fluticasone propionate Bedesonide INCC Antihistamines AVOID EXPOSURE

When is sinusitis likely bacterial

Sxs persist for 10 days

When should you get a CT for sinusitis

Only if severe case

Dont forget what as risk factor for thrush

Inhaled CC use

Oral hair leukoplakia you’re thinking

EBV-Mono in HIV patients

Most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis

GBS

GA strep usually has what 3 things

Anterior Cervical LAD Tonsillar exudates ABSENT COUGH

What age do you add 1 for center criteria

Less than 15

GA strep pharyngitis treatment and alternate

Penc V K+ or Amoxicillin Allergies = Azithromycin

PTAs get what and what management for how long

I & D ABX for 14 days

ENT Flashcards

(70 cards)