Pediatrics Flashcards by lauren hudson

At 4 months 6 months
9 months
12 months what are the milestones for gross motor

4 mo = roll over
6 mo = sit independently
9 mo = pull up to crawl
12 mo = walk

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Language development 6 month 12 month 24 month milestones

At 4 years?

6 mo = babbles

12 month = mom and dad with intent

24 month = combining words 50% comprehensible language

At 4 years old should be able to understand 100% of speech

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Social and fine motor mile stone at 6 months

9 months 12months 18 months

6 months = Reaches and feeds their self

*pincer grasp= 9 months

12 months = imitate behaviors

18 months = scribble and feeds w/ spoon [potty training]

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In the first week of life NB lose what weight and regained when

Lose 10%

regain birth weight in 10 days

Triple birth weight by 12 months *

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FTT is generally what?

Drops to 3-5% on the growth curve

Cross 2 lines

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MC cause of FTT

Not enough calories

Not eating enough; poverty

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Cystic fibrosis usually presents how in the early presentation

50% FTT

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Delayed bone age and puberty is defined as

Constitutional growth delay = family hx is similar for meeting mile stones late

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MC virus for viral URI ; common cold

Rhinovirus

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Hoarseness is a clue to what

A viral process

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Cough and cold medications are generally recommended for children of what age

Older than 2

But cautious in ages 2-11 yrs old

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MC age for otitis media
MC bacteria

6-24 months

MC : strep pneumonia

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Formula fed infants are at risk for OM why?

The feeding position

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Children over 2 years of age give AMOX when

Fevers of 102 or higher and severe sxs

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Chronic OM is defined as what

Recurrent 3x in 6 mos or // 4x in a year ; or persistent infection or drainage over 2 weeks

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MC pathogens for OE

Staph A

Pseudomonas Aeriginosa

Pain with pinna pull

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CROUP [4]

Inflammation of the larynx trachea and bronchi

6 months —> 3 years of age in fall and winter

Barking inspiratory stridor

TXM : dexamethasone —> racemic epi

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Ambylopia is lazy eye without what?

CNS pathology

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Ambylopia treatment and mc cause

Patch

MC : strabismus resulting in decreased visual acuity

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Unilateral purulent rhinitis think what for kids?

FOB!

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PNA in neonates MC cause

GBS ; everyone else strep pneumonia

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CXR PNA findings

Lobar consolidation ; patchy infiltrates

May see effusions

Atelectasis vs infiltrate - often hard to tell

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Conjunctivitis in the first week of life
Staccato rapid short distinct cough
2 weeks - 6 mo of age
A febrile

Chlamydia PNA

TXM = Macrolide

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Gradual onset dry cough —> production
Fever
Bullous myringitis

? And what treatment

Mycoplasma PNA

TXM = Macrolide

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Whooping cough [4]

Non vaccinated kids 3 stages : Coryza , paroxysmal cough , dry cough convalescent [recovery] DX GOLD STANDARS = NP culture ; PCR TXM = Macrolide

CXR shows hypo expansion and B/L atelectasis ground glass air bronchograms

ARDS TXM = O2 CPAP Intubation Surfactant

Cystic Fibrosis is what genetic anomaly and 3 keys

Autosomal ressive disorder Dx: Sweat chloride is the gold standard ; if greater 60 = abnormal Thick sticky meconium pancreatic insuff. TXM = ABX pancreatic enzymes ; bronchodilators

Heimlich should be performed in who

Upper airway FB

Rigid bronchoscopy should be performed in FOB where

Lower airway

Rheumatic fever triggered by

GBS

RF affects who following what

5-15 yrs old —> untreated strep infection

RF mc affects what valve

Mitral valve

How are joints affected in RF

Poly Arthralgia not arthritis !

Stills murmur [3]

MC childhood Turbulent flow out of LV Apex of the heart in supine position

Venous Hum [3]

Age after 3 years Increased in fever anemia or pregnancy Musical ; turbulent subclavian and jugular veins

Acyanotic lesions

ASD VSD PDA Coarctation of the Aorta

ASD [3]

Large of untreated = sxs Respiratory sxs feeding dysfunction Wide split s2

VSD [4]

MC congenital heart disease 4-6 weeks of life presents with CHF Large harsh holosystolic murmur Left to Right Shunt

PDA [4]

Pulmonary artery to aorta are left open Machinery grinding murmur with bounding peripheral pulses RF : prematurity ; maternal RUBELLA TXM = Indomethacin in preemies ; cardiac catheter if older

Coarctation of the aorta

Absence of femoral pulses Blowing systolic murmur that goes towards the back Notching of the ribs HTN in older children

2 cyanotic lesions

TOGV And Tetralogy

TOGV [4]

Pulmonary artery connected to the left ventricle Aorta connected with the right ventricle CYANOSIS + poor weight gain

Tetrology [4]

VSD ; PS ; overriding aorta ; RVH Best heard at 3rd ICS ; BOOT SHAPE heart Tet spells Surgical treatments PGE-1

Age classic for pyloric stenosis what kind of vomit

2-4 weeks Non bilious projectile vomiting

Treatment intussusception

Reduction with barium enema [w/ 24 hours of sxs] +/- surgery

PKU often have what features

Cognitive delay Decrease melanin compared to family

When to remove : Lower esoph FOB Upper esoph FOB Stomach FOB Caustic FOB

Lower = remove in less 24 hours Upper = Foley catheter to reduce aspiration risk Stomach = less 3-5 cm will pass on its own Caustic = endoscopy ; toxic = lavage

Most specific findings of pyloric stenosis

Epigastric mass

SALTER Harris classification

S = straight thru phyces A = thru phyces exits above towards long bone ; MC L = thru phyces lowered to joint T = thru above phyces and long bone R = rammed; reduced growth plate

Epiphyseal plate is equal to what = Metaphyseal plate =

The phyces Above the phyces

SCFE [4]

MC RF : obesity teenage males 14 - 16 years old Acute or chronic +/- knee pain Limited internal rotation ; ice cream cone femoral neck fx

Pain in is good schlatters =

Worse w activity Better w rest

Nursemaids =

Subluxation of the radial head ; By: longitudinal pronational forces Child: arm in pronated flexed position

Measles =

Rubeola

Measles =

Morbillovirus : paramyxo virus family

Measles rash spreads

Down and out

When does orchit is occur

1 week after mumps

Rubella

Togavirus Deafness cataracts cardiac defects blueberry rash Head to tea rash

Incubation period for varicella

10-12 days

Scabbing varicella is ->

No longer contagious

varicella vaccine schedule

12-15 months And 4-6 years old *same as MMR*

Roseaola is

HHV 6

Roseola

High fever —> rash

Fifth disease is

Parvovirus Red facial rash lacy pink macular rash Cheek —> extremities Several wks to rash

HFM

Coxsackie virus Painful grey red vesicles

lesions in the posterior mouth that are grey red and no where else think

Herpangina

Lesions in the anterior mouth ; lips tongue buccal mucosa

Gingival stomatitis

TXM Kawasaki’s

IVIG ASA Fever more than 5 days long

Compli of Kawasaki’s

Coronary artery aneurysms

Erythrovirus think

Parvo b19 slapped cheek

Pediatrics Flashcards

(70 cards)