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PANCE 2024 > HEME > Flashcards

HEME Flashcards

1
Q

Factor V Leiden is in what pathway

A

Common pathway

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2
Q

The extrinsic pathway consists of what numbers ?

A

Really just 7 [and 3] that goes down into 10 to 5 to 2 [common pathway]

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3
Q

Main symptom of factor 5 Leiden to consider in pathology

A

Unexplained DVT

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4
Q

Activated protein C and S inhibit what 2 factors ?

A

5Lieden > and small amount of 8

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5
Q

2 important things to remember with protein c and s symptoms ; if they are deficient

A

Neonatal Purpura

Warfarin induced skin necrosis !

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6
Q

VTE is affected how in protein C and S deficiency

A

In weird places
At a young age
Recurrent

FAM HX

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7
Q

If warfarin is causing necrosis what should you do

A

Stop Warfarin

Admin Vit K

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8
Q

ITP often follows what ?

A

Viral infection

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9
Q

What are the two types of bleeding assoicated with ITP

A

Dry and Wet bleeds

wet is worse= epistaxis ; gingival bleed

Dry = petechia / brushing

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10
Q

When do you give CC for ITP

A

If the platelets are less than 30,000

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11
Q

Treatment for thrombotic thyrombocytopenia Purpura

A

Plasma exchange therapy

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12
Q

4 sxs to think VWF disease

A

Gingival bleeding [wet]
Heavy menses
Mucocutaneous bleeding
Epistaxis

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13
Q

Minor bleeding or procedures treatment in VWF dz

A

Desmopressin

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14
Q

Major bleeding or procedures manamgenet in VWF dz

A

VWF concentrate

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15
Q

4 reasons to have iron deficiency anemia

A

Chronic bleeding = GI, Menses

Dec iron absorption

GI parasites

Inadequate iron intake

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16
Q

3 signs of severe IDA

A

Angular chelitis
Koilynchia
Atrophic glossitis

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17
Q

IDA has what level of Ferritin

A

LOW

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18
Q

In thalassemia iron levels are what

A

Normal or high

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19
Q

2 medications that can cause folate deficiency

A

Methotrexate

Trimethoprim

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20
Q

What is homocysteine and mma in Folate deficiency

A

Increased homo normal mma

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21
Q

2 foods high in folate to recommend for supplementation

A

Leafy greens, fruit

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22
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency is also called

A

Cobalamin deficiency

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23
Q

3 things that can cause B12 deficiency

A

Stomach surgeries = gastrectomy
Pernicious anemia
Chronic alcohol abuse

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24
Q

4 examples of neuro sxs that often accompany B12 deficiency

A

Peripheral neuropathy
Diminished sensation
Dementia
Reflex changes

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25
Q

Homo and mma for B12 deficiency

A

Low homo and HIGH MMA

you gotta be 12 to go to the MMA

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26
Q

Route of B12 management perferred

A

Parenteral preferred

Can do oral

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27
Q

G6PD enzyme is responsible for converting what into what?

A

NADP+ in to NADPH from glucose

Without this conversion = low glutathione = HIGH FREE RATICALS

Oxidative stress = Hemolytic anemia

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28
Q

3 medications that usually cause G6PD pathology

A

Nitrofurantoin
Malaria drugs
Dapsone

FAVE BEANS DONT FORGET>

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29
Q

Why might you have dark urine in G6PD deficiency?

A

Due to acute hemolytic anemia

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30
Q

Positive findings on peripheral smear for RBCs - G6PD

A

Heinz bodies

Bite or Blister cells

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31
Q

Common mutation found in polycythemia Vera

A

JAK2

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32
Q

Polycythemia Vera is an over production of what cells

A

Myeloid

RBCs // WBCs // Platelets

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33
Q

What is the level of EPO assoc with Polycythemia Vera

A

Decreased!

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34
Q

Mainstay treatment plolycythemia Vera

A

Phlebotomy

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35
Q

Sickle cell is what type of genetic disorder

A

Hbss - Autosomal Recessive

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36
Q

What infection can cause a drop in Hb in sickle cell disease

A

Parvo

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37
Q

Positive peripheral smear in sickle cell shows what

A

Howell Jolly bodies

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38
Q

Sickle cell often treated with what

A

Hydroxyurea

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39
Q

When treating with Hydroxyurea make sure to supplement what

A

Folic acid

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40
Q

Thalassemia think what region is affected

A

Mediterranean

African

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41
Q

When does B thalassemia occur

A

6 months after birth at earliest because fetal blood does not contain the beta chain

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42
Q

3 sxs of hemoglobin H disease

A

Jaundice
Splenomegaly
Hemolytic anemia

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43
Q

Type of electrophoresis positives in thalassemia

A

Target cells !

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44
Q

ALL has a proliferation of what

A

Lymphoblasts

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45
Q

ALL effects

A

All kids

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46
Q

3 sxs to key in on ALL

A

Beta sxs and age

With LAD , hepatosplenomegaly , Petechia

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47
Q

Defitnive diagnosis ALL

A

Bone marrow biopsy with greater 20% lymphoblasts

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48
Q

CLL is what

A

Crushed little lymphocytes - smudge cells

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49
Q

CLL occurs in who and what is happening

A

Monoclonal proliferation of premature B cells

Painless LAD
_ hepatosplenomegaly

B sxs

MC in adults in nutrient rich countries

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50
Q

Treatment first line CLL

A

TKIs

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51
Q

AML think what smear

A

Auer Rods

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52
Q

What syndrome may progress to AML

A

Mylodysplastic syndrome

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53
Q

Recurrent infections swollen gums; bimodal distribution think what

A

AML

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54
Q

CML has what two tings

A

Philly chromosome

TRIPHASIC course = chronic , accelerated , blastic

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55
Q

2 things assoc with non Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Burkitts lymphoma

Previous EBV infection

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56
Q

Non hodgkins represents what patho

A

Malignant transformation of lymphoid [Bs and T’s] into the lymphatic system

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57
Q

3 Ps of non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Painless , persistent , peripheral LAD

W/ B sxs

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58
Q

Standard diagnosis and staging for non Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Lymph node biopsy

Ann Arbor staging

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59
Q

Peripheral smear most common in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Reed sternberg cells “looks like owls”

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60
Q

Hodgkins affects what ages?

A

Bimodal

20 and 50

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61
Q

Multiple Myeloma think what 4 things

A

Lytic lesions

Plasma cells proliferation

B sxs

Bone PAIN

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62
Q

3 lab findings in multiple myeloma

A

Rouleaux formations

Bence jones proteinuria

“M spike” IgG serum electrophoresis

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63
Q

Alcoholics generally have what deficiency

A

Folate

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64
Q

What med can help reverse tumor lysis syndrome

A

Allopurinol

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65
Q

Bleeding due to heparin deficiency is treated with what medication

A

Protamine sulfate

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66
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma folks are at increased risk of what

A

Solid organ malignancy

Cardiovascular disease

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67
Q

Intrinsic pathway is what

Extrinsic pathway is what

A

I = PTT

E = pt

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68
Q

HEMOPHILLIA is a concern when? Requires what

A

Minor trauma causing bruising and effusions

COAG studies

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69
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma can have what

A

Retrosternal chest pain

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70
Q

With hemochromatosis think

A

Bronze skin and diabetes

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71
Q

Mc cause of pediatric stroke

A

Sickle cell disease

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72
Q

Reversal agent for heparin is ?

A

Protamine sulfate

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73
Q

Heterotrophile antibody helps diagnose what

A

Mono

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74
Q

With ALL think what type of cells

A

Terminal deoxy neutron tidyl transferase! TDT

Mediastinal mass is super commmmonnnn

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75
Q

CLL effects who

A

Elderly almost exclusively with mature cells

Cause they are OLD

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76
Q

Warfarin effects the ____ pathway

A

Intrinsic ; Pt time

Vit K pathway = factor 2, 7, 9 , 10

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77
Q

Helmet cells =

A

Schistocytes

Thinking TTP

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78
Q

Basophilic stipiling occurs in

A

Thalassemia

Lead or heavy metal

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79
Q

Microcytic anemia think

A

MCV less than 80

Severe IDA
Thalassemias

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80
Q

Macrocytic anemia think

A

MCV greater than 100

Folic acid
Vitamin B12 deficiency

Alcohol abuse; Liver Disease ; Myelodysplastic Syndrome

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81
Q

Normocytic anemia think

A

MCV 80-199

Anemia of chornic disease
Anemia of chronic renal disease

Multifactorial anemia

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82
Q

What type of anemia is associated with bone marrow suppression

A

Aplastic anemia

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83
Q

CKD ; Hypothyroidism ; and Low Testoasterone are assoc with

A

Low levels of trophic factors

84
Q

Think waht with anemia from increased destruction of RBCs

A

High reticulocyte count

Blood low-chronic
Hemolytic anemias : sickle cell, thalassemia ; autoimmune ; drugs

85
Q

Define serum iron; trasferrin; ferritin

A

Serum iron = free iron

Transferring = binds iron in circulation = TIBC

Ferritin = stores of iron; in liver and endothelial system

86
Q

Koilonychia think what

A

Spoon nails

IDA

87
Q

3 pathopnuemonic sings found in IDA

A

Plummer Vinson syndrome = esophageal web formation

Restless Legs

Pica = Iron deficiency syndrome

88
Q

2 basic etiologies of IDA

A

Increased requirements

Decreased supply

89
Q

where is iron absorbed in the body

A

Intestinaly —> duodenum

Think disturbed by : intestinal malabsorption like :
-Sprue
-Celiac
-Atrophic Gastritis

90
Q

When do yo recheck ferritin in IDA

A

6-8 weeks

91
Q

What quantifies sickle cell trait vs. disease

A

Trait = HbS [heterozygous]

Disease = HbSS [homozygous]

92
Q

What defines alpha and beta thalassemia

A

Alpha = Alpha 1, Alpha 2 , HbH =3 , Hydrops fetalis = 4 copies of trait.

Beta = Beta Minor vs. Beta Major

93
Q

Sickle cell is what type of genetic inheritance

A

Autosomal recessive disease

Amino valine is subsided for glutamine to form Bs globin = HbS

Dx = Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

94
Q

Pathophysiology of vaso occlusive episodes in SCD

A

Combo of

vascular adhesion of sickle cells + trapping of dense sickle cells

95
Q

What happens in SCD with increased in altitude or hypoxia

A

Splenic infarction

96
Q

2 organs often damaged in sickle cell trait and why

A

Chronic Micro infarcts lead to kidney and cardiac damage

97
Q

4 common assoc with SCD and chronic hemolysis

A

Reticulocytosis [3 to 15%]
Unconjugated hyperbililrubinemia
Elevated LDH
Gallstones common!

98
Q

Infectious agents common in SCD

A

Strep Pneumonia.
H. Influenza

Parvo can cause —> Aplastic crisis

Salmonella typhi—> chronic osteomyelitis

99
Q

3 things that precipitate SCD crisis

A

Dehydration
Infection
Stress

100
Q

What does acute chest syndrome [SCD] look like on CXR

A

Perihilar Infiltrate +/- infarcts

TXM = plasmaphoresis

101
Q

What SCD med can reduce frequency of crises

A

Hydroxyurea

—>Folic acid or Bicarbonate can help

102
Q

B thalessemia changes what part of hemoglobin chain

A

HbA —> HbF and HbA2 [fetal + less preferred adult chain]

103
Q

MC ethnicity effected by B thalassemia

A

Italian

Greek

Middle Eastern

104
Q

Genetic variety of b thalassemia minor

A

Heterozygous condition

105
Q

genetic variety of b thalassemia major

A

Homozygous condition

ONLY HbF and HbA2

106
Q

Does B thalassemia trait [heterozygous] usually need TXM

A

NO!

107
Q

What is TXM of choice for B Thalassemia major [homozygous]

A

Allogenic bone marrow transplant = their own bone marrow.

108
Q

3 common sings of b thalassemia major

A

Severe micorcytic anemia

Infants develop anemia after first few months when hemoglobin light chains are supposed to change to adult HbA version ; but dont.

Results in cardiac stress[CHF], Hepatosplenomeg; chipmunk facies

109
Q

A thalassemia 2 trait results in :

A

No abnormalities of MCV or Hb Elecotropheresis

= Loss of only 1/4 alpha globin genes

Think “silent”

110
Q

A thalassemia-1 trait =

A

Loss of 2/4 alpha globin genes

Mild Anemia ; MCV is less than 80 ; but Hb EP is normal

=B minor

Think A1 “minor”

111
Q

Hemoglobin G disease =

A

Loss of 3/4 alpha globin genes

Inclusion Bodies in RBCs HbH > predominates

Chronic hemolytic anemia

112
Q

Hydrops fatalis with Hb Barts =

A

Non of the four alpha globin chains are functional — fatal at birth.

113
Q

Anemia of chronic disease think —>

A

Chronic inflammation

114
Q

ACD is induced by what two types of cells

A

Inflammatory cytokines [IL-6]

Hepcidin

115
Q

What happens to iron in ACD

A

Trapped by macrophages

Decrease in RBC production by BM

EPO is impaired by interferons

Decreased EPO response

116
Q

TIBC in ACD

A

Low

high in IDA

117
Q

Reticulocytes in ACD =

A

Low

high in IDA

118
Q

4 underlying causes of ACD

A

Acute or Chronic infections

Malignancies

Chronic arthritic conditions-RA ; UC ; Crohns

Thyroid disorders ; DM

119
Q

Most effective txm of ACD

A

EPO

With Hbg goal of 11-12

Then treat the cause

120
Q

Intracorpuscular defects = and example?

A

Defect in RBC membrane
—> Hereditary Spherocytosis

121
Q

Extrcorpuscular hemolytic anemia = and examples?

A

Outside of the RBC causing membrane changes :

G6PD
Autoimmune
Drug effects—> Chemo

122
Q

If hemolytic anemia is autoimmune in origin ; what test will be positive

A

Coombs Test

123
Q

What management is often required in spherocytosis

A

Splenectomy

124
Q

RBC morphology for G6Pd deficiency

A

Bite cells with Heinz bodies

125
Q

Pancytopenia think

A

Aplastic anemia

126
Q

3 common presentation signs in aplastic anemia

A

Recurrent infections

Mucosal hemmorhage —> thrombocytopenia

Anemia —> lack of reticulocytes

127
Q

2 drugs and 2 disease that can cause aplastic anemia

A

Drugs —> Lindane ; Chloramphenicol

Diseases —> EBV ; SLE

128
Q

Alcoholism causes what type of MCV

A

Megaloblastic

129
Q

ETOH often decreases what vitamin

A

Folic Acid —> megaloblastic anemia

*think B1 : thiamine
*think Vitamin C : scurvy

130
Q

Neuro symptoms in B12 defiency are likely due to

A

Lack of cobalamin

131
Q

MMA and Folic Acid in B12 vs. Folate deficiency

A

B12 = MMA high + homocysteine elevated

Folate = MMA low/nml + homocysteine elevated

132
Q

With pernicious anemia think what 2 things

A

Autoimmune gastritis attacking intrinsic factor

B12 deficiency —> MCV over 100

133
Q

Describe the mouth in B12 deficiency

A

Stomatitis

Glossitis

134
Q

Gait description for B12 deficiency

A

Broad based gait

SLOW REFLEXES

135
Q

Folic acid supplementation in pregnancy is to prevent

A

Neural tube defects

136
Q

Signs associated with ITP [Idio Thrombo Purpura]

A

Petechia hemorrhage

Mucosal bleeding

Thrombocytopenia [ less than 20K ]

bleeding manifests as much less compared to platelet count being so LOW

137
Q

Management of ITP

A

Steriods = 1st line ; 4 weeks

IVIG

Splenectomy

138
Q

TTP think what with FAT RN

A

Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia

Renal impairment [Cr <3]
Neurologic Changes [seizures; AMS]

139
Q

Test findings in TTP

A

COAG test = normal

ADAMSTS -13 enzyme Ab

140
Q

Factor V Leiden in activated by what protein?

A

Protein C

141
Q

Platelet vs. Factor type VWF dz

A

Platelet = heavy menses ; mucosal bleeds; cuts prolong

Factor = deep joint ; post op bleeds

142
Q

Inheritance pattern of VWD

A

Autosomal dominant

143
Q

Describe pathway and sign lab deficiency in VWF dz

A

PTT and BT prolonged [ extrinsic ]

Platelet aggregation test - abnormal

144
Q

TXM of VWF dz

A

Desmopression [DDVAP]

Increases VWF levels by stimulation secretion from endothelium

IV and hour before surgery or major bleeds ; Nasal spray for small bleeding management

145
Q

Hemophilia inheritance pattern

A

Sex linked recessive

Gene on long arm of X chromosome

146
Q

Hemophilia A think [4]

A

MALE

PTT prolonged only;

Mild TXM = DDVAP ; Severe TXM = IV Factor 8

Hemarthrosis ; soft tissue bleeding ; mucosal bleeding

147
Q

Hemophilia B think [4]

A

Factor 9 deficient

Christmas Disease

TXM = recombinant Factor 9 concentrate

Hemarthrosis ; blood in stools ; nosebleeds

148
Q

Factor V Leiden think [3]

A

Unopposed coagulation pathway

Heterozygous = + 1st TE = AC 6-12 months ; 2nd TE = lifelong AC

Homozygous = lifelong AC

149
Q

AT3 deficiency would black what pathways and think what drug

A

Blocks 2. 7. 9. 10. 12. 11.

Think heparin .

1st Provoked TE = 6 mos AC

Unprovoked TE = lifelong

150
Q

Protein C and S deficiency would block

A

Factor 5 and Factor 8 = rapid thrombin formation

Only treat if thrombosis risk = high

151
Q

Increased prothrombin would cause

A

Heterozygous ; 1st event = 6-12months AC TXM

Homozygous ; 2nd event = lifelong AC TXM

152
Q

PCV is due to

A

Hypoxemia

Think : OSA and Smokers

153
Q

2 findings diagnostic for PCV

A

JAK2 mutation and EPO level low

154
Q

PCV has decreased prognosis if transformed to what disease

A

Myelofibrosis

155
Q

3 TXMs helpful for PCV

A

1st line = therapeutic phlebotomy ; Hydroxyurea

ASA

156
Q

Platelet count often found in essential thrombocytosis

A

450K —> 1000K platelets

Increases without stimulation

+JAK2 ; CALR ; MPL mutations+

157
Q

Hemochromatosis defintion

A

Abnormal absorption of iron with increased storage in organs

1st = high iron and fatigue

Progresses = cirrhosis ; HCC ; DM ; CHF

TXM = phlebotomy to keep ferritin less 50

158
Q

Genetic mutation in precursor cells in marrow

Cytopenia in any or all cell lines

MACROCYTOSIS
Monocytosis

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

159
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia [4]

A

ALL KIDS

RF in Adults : radiation ; chemo ; organic solvents ; Down syndrome

Sxs : infections; bleeding ; LAD; HSM; high WBCs

TXT = chemo ; kids =good prognosis ; adults = bad

160
Q

Acute myeloid leukemia [4]

A

Peak age = 60 yrs old

Greater 20% blasts or immature cells —> BM dz sxs + chloroma = tissue infiltrate // leukemia cutis = skin lesions

+Auer Rods = aggregates of myeloid granules

TXM = Chemo

161
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Age = 62 yrs old ; most common in WEstern countries

+Smudge cells with lymphocytosis

Sxs = severe dz = HSM ; increased doubling time ; recurrent infections ; cell line depletion

TXM = TKI = Imbruvica ; radiation ; immune therapy ; chemo

162
Q

Chronic myeloenous leukemia

A

+philly chromosome —> 22 gene translocation mutation

Remain in chronic phase for years —> accelerated phase [10-19% blasts ; low plts/Hbg] —> blast crisis = above 20% blasts [death = weeks to months]

Found in peripheral blood flow cytometry

TXM = imatinib with 80% remission ;; ADE = fluid overload and cardiac events

163
Q

Multiple Myeloma think what findings ? [CRAB]

A

Calcium elevated

Renal insufficiency

Anemia = BM suppression

Bone = Lytic bone lesions

164
Q

Protein / Albumin in MM

A

Large variance

165
Q

Stepwise findings in MM

A

MGUS —> Smoldering Myeloma —> MM

[no crab / less 10% plasma cells in marrow] —> MGUS

[10-60% plasma cells in marrow = M SPIKE] —> SMOLDERING MYELOMA

[greater 60% plasma cells in marrow / 10% with CRAB] —> MM

166
Q

Clinically stable MM TXM of choice

A

Stem cell transplant ;

If cant = cc ; chemo

167
Q

4 complications of MM

A

Cord compression

Hypercalcemia

Renal F.

Hyper viscosity

168
Q

NHL presentation

A

Weight loss

Painless LAD

Night sweats / FEVER

Pruritis

Chest ABD Pain

169
Q

Mangement NHL

A

Chemo / Radiation

If CD20+ = Rituximab

170
Q

NHL think

A

Painless LAD

171
Q

8 non lymph organs? vs. primary lymph organs = bone marrow and thymus.

A

Stomach

Tonsils

Spleen

Intestines

Lungs

Liver

Bones

Skin

172
Q

Hodkins Lymphoma [5]

A

MALE bimodal age distro ; HLA Link

Painless lymph node with enlargement [head and neck] + B sxs

Post ETOH = painFUL Lymph nodes

Dx = + Reed STERNBERG biopsy ; Mediastinal involvement common

TXM = CHEMO [ABVD]
SCT for refractory

173
Q

TRALI management

A

Stop transfusion

O2 supplementation

Ventilatory support

174
Q

Management of volume overload in Transfusion of CHF ; CKD patient

A

Slower infusion rate

Diuretics +

175
Q

Post transfusion Purpura presents

A

1-2 weeks after transfusion with bleeding

Self limited process bit in severe cases TXM = IVIG and CC

176
Q

What is an example of an iron chelating agent

A

Desfuroxime / deferasirox

177
Q

How do you dx graft vs hosts disease

A

Check circulating lymphocyte HLA against host tissue HLA

178
Q

Alpha globin thalessemia is common in what ethnicity

A

Asians

179
Q

B12 is a cofactor in conversion of what

A

Homocysteine to methionine

180
Q

SCD often presents as what type of anemia

A

Hemolytic

181
Q

Hemochromatosis folks should avoid what ? [4]

A

Alcohol
Vitamin C
Raw shellfish

Supplemental Iron

182
Q

What type of lymphoma presents with pruritus

A

Hodgkins Lymphome + Reed STERNBERG in lymph node bx

183
Q

MM can be confirmed by what diagnostic

A

Serum protein electrophoresis

184
Q

Beta thalassemia major will have sxs presenting when

A

At 6 months of life

185
Q

Non hodkins Lymphoma is dx by

A

Biopsy = tissue or Lymph node

186
Q

IDA skin findings

A

Chelosis

Brittle nails

Smooth tongue

Koilynchia

187
Q

Beta thalassemia physical signs

A

Bony deformities

Hepatosplenomegaly

188
Q

B12 deficiency physical signs

A

Glossitis
Decreased vibration / position sens
Difficult balance

189
Q

Aplastic anemia physical signs

A

Pupura

Petechia

Pallor

190
Q

PCV physical signs

A

Plethora

Splenomegaly

Engorged retinal veins

191
Q

ITP treatment

A

Predisone

IV IG or Anti-D

192
Q

Cornerstone of TXM for acute SCD with stroke sxs

A

Blood transfusions

193
Q

Types of stroke in adult vs. child SCD

A

Adult = hemorrhagic

Kids = ischemic

194
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia management

A

Blood transfusions
+
Rituximab
+
CC

195
Q

What drug commonly induces autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Methotrexate

196
Q

3 most common risks for CN are that are modifiable

A

Tobacco
Lack of physical activity
Dietary intake

197
Q

What is erythromelagia and what is its associated disease

A

= painful biting of the hands accompanied by erythema

Dz = essential thrombocytosis

198
Q

Hemochromatosis think

A

BRONZE diabetes ; new onset

199
Q

What is the name of lymphoblasts in ALL

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

200
Q

What is the reversal agent for heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

201
Q

reversal agents for warfarin

A

Vitamin K

FFP

Prothrombin complex concentrate = replaces factors 2;7;9;10

202
Q

Medications that trigger hemolysis in G6PD [5]

A

Dapsone

Nitrofurantoin

Primaquine

Rasburicase

Isobutyl nitrate

203
Q

VWF dz affects what part of the bleeding

A

PTT = prolonged = extrinsic

204
Q

HUS has a decreased what

A

Platelet count

205
Q

HIT management

A

With : stop heparin and give Facotr 10a

206
Q

Common complication of DIC and what do the cells look like

A

Bacterial meningitis = gram negative diplocci

+shistocytes

Decreased fibrinogen

Prolonged PT and PTT

207
Q

2 deficiencies associated with phenytoin use

A

Gingival hyperplasia

+

Folic acid deficiency

PANCE 2024 (15 decks)

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