ENT Flashcards
(26 cards)
What drug can be used for the prevention of Meniere’s attacks?
Betahistine
What lifestyle advice should be given in Meniere’s disease?
Lower dietary salt intake
Avoid chocolate and caffeine
Limit stress
What drug can be used for the management of acute Meniere’s disease attacks?
Prochlorperazine
How should vestibular neuritis be managed?
Supportive management
Vestibular sedatives
Further investigation if required
How is benign positional paroxysmal vertigo managed?
Repositioning manoeuvres:
Epley manoeuvre
Selmont manoeuvre
Brandt-Daroff exercises
How should a pinna haematoma be managed?
Aspiration
Incision and drainage
Pressure dressing
How should epistaxis be managed?
First aid management
Pressure and ice, endoscopy
Silver nitrate cautery
Nasal packing and compression
Surgery
How is allergic rhinitis managed?
Allergen avoidance in all cases
Anti-histamines - cetirizine
Topical steroids - beclomethasone
Topical steroids + antihistamines
Nasal decongestants
Immunotherapy - montelukast
Surgery - obstructive relief
How should non-allergic rhinitis be managed?
Supportive management
Avoidance of triggers
Anticholinergics - ipratropium
How should acute sinusitis be managed?
Analgesics
Nasal decongestants
Saline irrigation
High dose nasal corticosteroid if more than 10 days symptoms
Phenoxymethylpenicillin if severe / deteriorating
How should nasal polyps be managed?
Oral steroids
Topical steroids
Surgical removal
How should otitis externa be managed?
Swab to investigate
Clotrimazole or gentamicin if fungal or bacterial respectively
Avoid water and cotton buds
How should otitis media be managed?
Self-limiting
Amoxicillin or erythromycin if required
How should mastoiditis be managed?
IV antibiotics
Surgical drainage
How should cholesteatoma be managed?
Surgical management
Reconstruction
How should otitis media with effusion be managed?
Watchful waiting
3 month review and otoscopy
How should a tympanic membrane rupture be managed?
Self-limiting and will resolve
Surgical repair if symptomatic with recurrent discharge
How should a vestibular schwannoma be managed?
Surgical excision
Monitoring with MRI if small and slow growing
How should gingivostomatis, herpetic whitlow and herpes simplex encephalitis be managed?
Antivirals - acyclovir
How should oral thrush be managed?
Nystatin or fluconazole
How should tonsilitis be managed?
Supportive management
Analgesia
Penicillin or clarithromycin
IV fluids, antibiotics and steroids
How should peritonsillar abscess be managed?
Aspiration
IV antibiotics
How should neutropenia be managed?
Urgent FBC
Specialist advice
Antibiotic consideration
How should epiglottitis be managed?
Mild - supportive, antibiotics, adrenaline nebuliser, corticosteroids
Severe - antibiotics, intubation and ventilation, tracheostomy
