MSK

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of Codeine?

Answer 1

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action of Paracetamol?

Answer 2

Inhibition of prostaglandins

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action of Sertraline?

Answer 3

Sertraline inhibits CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of Amitriptyline?

Answer 4

Blocks the re-uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in presynaptic terminals

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action of Valproic acid?

Answer 5

Inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels

Question 6

What is the mechanism of action of Ibuprofen?

Answer 6

Reversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2

Question 7

What drug classification does Codeine belong to?

Answer 7

Opiates

Question 8

What drug classification does Paracetamol belong to?

Answer 8

Analgesics and Antipyretics

Question 9

What drug classification does Sertraline and Paroxetine belong to?

Answer 9

Antidepressants - serotonin reuptake inhibitor class

Question 10

What drug classification does Amitriptyline belong to?

Answer 10

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Question 11

What drug classification does Valproic acid belong to?

Answer 11

Anticonvulsants

Question 12

What drug classification does Ibuprofen belong to?

Answer 12

NSAIDs

Question 13

When would Codeine be prescribed?

Answer 13

Relief of mild-to-moderate pain

Question 14

When would Ibuprofen be prescribed?

Answer 14

To reduce general aches and pains (headaches, menstrual pain etc)

Alleviating pain in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout

Question 15

When would Valproic acid be prescribed?

Answer 15

Bipolar disorder and sometimes epilepsy

Question 16

When would Amitriptyline be prescribed?

Answer 16

Depression

Question 17

When would Sertraline be prescribed?

Answer 17

Depression, anxiety and OCDd

Question 18

When would Paracetamol be prescribed?

Answer 18

Relief of mild-to-moderate pain - headaches, toothache etc, and to reduce fever

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of Carbamazepine?

Answer 19

Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in their inactive state, preventing repetitive and sustained firing of an action potential

Question 20

When would Carbamazepine be prescribed?

Answer 20

Epilepsy, bipolar disorder or trigeminal neuralgia / peripheral neuropathy

Question 21

What is Allopurinol?

Answer 21

A drug that reduces blood uric acid levels

Question 22

What is the mechanism of action of Allopurinol?

Answer 22

Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase - limits hypoxanthine conversion to (xanthine then) uric acid

Question 23

What is Colchicine?

Answer 23

An anti inflammatory drug used to treat symptoms of Gout attacks

Question 24

What is the mechanism of action of Colchicine?

Answer 24

Colchicine disrupts cytoskeletal functions by inhibiting β-tubulin polymerization into microtubules

It binds to neutrophils and prevent them from migrating to areas where uric acid crystals have accumulated

Question 25

What are Cytokine modulators?

Answer 25

Agents that can either enhance or suppress the activity of cytokines

Question 26

What class of drug does methotrexate, sulfasalazine, adalimumab, infliximab, apremilast and tofacitinib belong to?

Answer 26

DMARDs

Question 27

What class of drugs do flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen belong to?

Answer 27

NSAIDs

Question 28

When would Allopurinol be prescribed?

Answer 28

In patients with gout

Question 29

When would Colchicine be prescribed?

Answer 29

In patients with an acute gout attack

Question 30

When would cytokine modulators be prescribed?

Answer 30

Prescribed after failure of at least 2 standard DMARDs in inflammatory rheumatoid conditions (RA, PsA) Alternatively after failure of two NSAIDs in ankylosing spondylitis

Question 31

When would DMARDs be prescribed?

Answer 31

Commonly rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis

Question 32

When would NSAIDs be prescribed?

Answer 32

For the relief of pain They should ideally be prescribed alongside a PPI to reduce gastrointestinal impacts