ENT

Question 1

First line mng if Abx needed for otitis media

Answer 1

Amoxicillin

Question 2

Dx of otitis media

Answer 2

Acute onset sx: otalgia/ ear tugging
Presence of middle ear effusion = buldging of tympanic membrane, otorrhoea, decreased mobility on pneumatic otoscopy
Inflammation of TM

Question 3

Globus sensation + hoarseness + no red flags =?

Answer 3

laryngophargngeal reflux

Question 4

dysphagia + steroid use + white plaques in pharynx

Answer 4

esophageal candidiasis

Question 5

Dysphagia + halitosis + regurgitaiton of undigested food

Answer 5

pharygneal pouch

Question 6

cause and def of laryngopharyngeal reflux

Answer 6

caused by GERD due to inflammatory changes to larynx / hypopharynx mucosa

Question 7

Dx of laryngopharyngeal reflux

Answer 7

If no red flags - clinical dx
refer if red flags: persistent, unilateral throat discomfort. dysphagia, odonophyagia. persistent hoarseness

Question 8

pt population/ demographic for malignant otitis externa

Answer 8

immunocompromised

Question 9

MCC of malignant otitis externa

Answer 9

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 10

ClinF of malignant otitis externa

Answer 10

DM, immunocompromised
Severe, unrelenting deep seated otalgia
temporal HA
purulent otorrhea
+/- dysphagia, hoarseness, facial nerve dysfunciton

Question 11

Mng of auricular hematoma

Answer 11

same day ENT assessment for incision and drainage to prevent cauliflower ear

Question 12

Conductive hearing loss + FH + tinnitus

Answer 12

otosclerosis

Question 13

def otosclerosis

Answer 13

replacement of normal bone by vascular, spongy bone –> progressive conductive deafness due to fixation of stapes at oval window

Question 14

Pain on palpation/manipulation of tragus + itching +d/c+ hearing loss

Answer 14

otitis externa

Question 15

Tonsiliits with uvular deviation

Answer 15

quinsy/peritonsillar abscess

Question 16

HA worse on leaning forward

Answer 16

sinusitis

Question 17

MC infectious agents in acute sinusitis

Answer 17

Strep pneumoniae
Hemophilus influenzae
rhinoviruses

Question 18

Non resolving unilateral ear d/c

Answer 18

cholesteatoma

Question 19

otoscopic findings of choleseatoma

Answer 19

attic crust

Question 20

Mng cholesteatoma

Answer 20

ENT for surgical removal

Question 21

Where does blood accumulate in auricular hematoma

Answer 21

b/w cartilage and perichondrium

Question 22

SFX of prolonged use of intranasal decongestants

Answer 22

Tachyphlaxis: increased doses required for same FX
Rebound congestion

Question 23

Tm appearance for otosclerosis

Answer 23

Most are normal
10% - flamingo tinge secondary to hyperemia

Question 24

CLin F brachial cyst

Answer 24

lateral neck mass/lump
superficial to sternocleidomastoid
aspiration: acellular fluid with cholesterol
Doesn’t move on tongue protrusuion
Smooth, fluctuant, non tender, non translucent

Question 25

Ddx neck lump in children

Answer 25

Congenital - brachial cyst, thyroglossal cyst, dermoid cyst, vascular malformation Neoplastic- lymphoma, thyroid tumor, salivary gland tumor Inflam- reactive lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis

Question 26

Mng of chronic (>1 week) symptomatic vestibular neuronitits

Answer 26

Vestiular rehab debate re: use of steroids for severe