ENT Flashcards
(40 cards)
child+ learning difficulty or turning up the TV volume with conductive hearing loss ? 1-DX/ 2-single best management? 3-sign in otoscopy 4-Tx?
1-otitis media with effusion
2- advice parent to stop smoking/ Reassurance and review in 3 months
3-grey tympanic membrane with air fluid level
4- reassurance and review in 3 mo
If persistent > 12months ……> surgery=insert frommets
if unfit for surgery……> hearing aids
DVT (deafness+vertigo+tinnitus) + CN palsy ( CN 5/6/7)
Dx?
Ix?
acoustic neuroma
MRI of internal auditory meatus
DVT + Aural heaviness=……..?
Tx?
Meiniers
prochlorperazine / cyclizine /promethazine / cinnarizine
Vertigo on moving the head sideways
Dx?
Ix?
Tx?
Bengin paroxismal positional vertigo
Ix………> hallpikes maneuver
Tx……….> epleys maneuver
old smoker and alcoholic+ painless neck swelling + nasal obstruction and bleeding + conductive deafness and pain in one ear
Dx?
one specific risk factor?
Nasopharyngeal ca
epstien- barr virus
long use of steroid + developed hoarseness of voice
Dx?
laryngeal cadida
nasal bleeding + stable
1- first aid…..> lean forward+ pinch the soft part of the nose firmly + open mouth
2- if bleeding didn’t stop in 15 min ……..> cautry with silver nitrate
3- If failed……..> backing
Dyspahgia+ peritonsillar bulge + trismus+fever+ hot potato voice
DX?
TX?
peritonsillar abscess=qunisy
IV ABS + aspiration or drainage
ABs alone isn’t sufficient as treatment
Hx of fall on the nose+ one week later develop pain/ malaise/ fever
Dx?
nasal septal abscess due to infection of nasal septal haematoma. So. it’s imp to drain septal nasal hematoma to prevent abscess formation
F.B in the ear of mentally retarded child
Tx?
referral to ENT specialist for GA as the child would be incooperative
Indication of ENT specialist referral ?
1- uncooperative patient 2- if patient needs sedation 3- difficulty removing an object 4-perforation of ear drum 5-If adhesive in contact with ear drum
headache worsen on bending head forward and in the morning + No N/V
DX?
Chronic sinusitis
headache worsen on bending head forward + N/V
Migraine
salivary gland swelling more than 1 month
Ix?
FNAC
pain in the ear tragus/ cheek/ mandible + grinding teeth while sleeping
Dx?
TMD= tempromandibular joint disorder
serous discharge and itch in the tragus followed by severe pain + tenderness on moving the tragus
Dx?
Tx?
1- Dx……>otitis externa
2-Tx/:
1st line ……>acetic acid spray tds /7days
2nd line……>neomycin sulphate+steroid 3 drops/7-14 days
3-topical gentamycin and hydrocortison =gentisone-HC
Hx of URTI followed by pain in the ear followed by discharge and relief of the pain
examination……> loss of light reflex in the ear drum and red / bulging drum
Dx?
Sign on otoscopy?
TX?
Acute otitis media
cart wheel Tympanic membrane
Amoxicillin 5 days
Teacher with URTI + complete course of ABs + developed altered weak voice
DX?
Functional dysphonia
URTI + didn’t take of ABs + developed altered weak voice
DX?
Laryngitis
centor criteria for bacterial infection
1-Fever >38
2-no cough
3-tonsillar exudate
4-tender ant.cervical lymphadenopathy
if less than 3 so it’s viral infection ……….. ttt is paracetamol
hearing test in child less than 6 months
1-otoacoustic emission
2-audiological brainstem response
hearing test in child 6-18 months
Distraction test
hearing test in child 2-4 years
1-conditioned response audiometry
2- speech discrimination
hearing test in child 5 years
pure tone audiogram
