ENT

Question 1

how much hearing loss with tympanosclerosis

Answer 1

minimal

Question 2

sudden onset bilateral sensorineural deafness

Answer 2

viral labyrinthitis

Question 3

meds that cause SNHL

Answer 3

lasix
ethacrynic acid
aminoglycosides
salicylates

Question 4

infections that cause SNHL

Answer 4

CMV
rubella
HSV
syphilis
bacterial meningitis

Question 5

when can SNHL occur in bacterial meningitis

Answer 5

in first 24 hours

make sure to get hearing test

Question 6

genetic syndromes that cause SNHL

Answer 6

Alport
mitochondrial
neurodegenerative
CHARGE (and other cleft palate syndromes)

Question 7

how does ABR work

Answer 7

EEG waveforms, must be asleep

if > 6 mos, may need sedation

Question 8

who should be tested with behavioral observation audiometry

Answer 8

screening test for less than 6 mos of age

Question 9

who should be tested with visual reinforced audiometry

Answer 9

6-24 months, tests for bilateral hearing loss

Question 10

who should be tested with play audiometry

Answer 10

2-4yrs

Question 11

who gets pure-tone audiometry

Answer 11

4+; tests each ear independently

Question 12

flat or low amplitude line on tympanogram

Answer 12

stiff membrane, middle ear fluid, obstructed tympanostomy tube

Question 13

high volume tympanogram

Answer 13

perforated TM

Question 14

chronic purulent drainage from perfed L TM without cholesteatoma findings

Answer 14

chronic suppurative OM
often pseudomonas, also Staph and fusobacterium
need topical ofloxacin

Question 15

recurrence rate in cholesteatoma

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

when can you do watchful waiting with AOM

Answer 16

must be non severe

• > 6 mos: unilateral
• > 24 mos: bilateral too

Question 17

common complication of tymp tubes

Answer 17

granuloma - large red mass with bloody discharge

Question 18

how to prevent OE

Answer 18

OTC boric acid or acetic acid solutions

Question 19

tx of cauliflower ear

Answer 19

ice packs and pressure –> evacuation

prevent cartilage loss

Question 20

nasal smear with eos

Answer 20

seasonal allergic rhinitis

Question 21

assoc with nasal polyps

Answer 21

CF
asthma
chronic allergic rhinitis
chronic sinusitis

Question 22

assoc with bilateral choanal atresia

Answer 22

CHARGE

Question 23

when does maxillary sinus develop

Answer 23

birth

Question 24

when does ethmoid sinus develop

Answer 24

birth

Question 25

when does sphenoid sinus develop

Answer 25

5-6 years

Question 26

when does frontal sinus devlope

Answer 26

5-6 years

Question 27

imaging in acute vs chronic sinusitis

Answer 27

acute - clinical dx | chronic - get CT

Question 28

worry with recurrent and worsening epistaxis

Answer 28

nasopharyngeal angiofibroma or other posterior nasopharyngeal mass

Question 29

monospot timing considerations

Answer 29

> 4 yo can become positive 2-3 weeks into illness can be positive for up to 9 months

Question 30

pharyngitis in teen with erythematous patches

Answer 30

gonococcal pharyngitis

Question 31

complication of T&A

Answer 31

velopharyngeal insufficiency - hypernasal voice

Question 32

herpangina vs HSV gingivostomatitis

Answer 32

herpangina usually posterior | HSV usually anterior with more gingical lesions

Question 33

oral ulcers with gray/white coagulum, thin rim of erythema

Answer 33

aphthous ulcer

Question 34

tender red nodule on cheek in infant

Answer 34

cold panniculitis | no tx needed

Question 35

reasons for delayed tooth eruption

Answer 35

``` hypothyroidism hypopituitarism ecodermal hypoplasia hypohidrosis rickets ```

Question 36

tx dental abscess

Answer 36

penicillin | clinda if allergic

Question 37

risks with cleft palate

Answer 37

eustachian tube dysfn | vision, hearing, dental, speech complications

Question 38

bifid uvula associations

Answer 38

submucous cleft palate velopharyngeal insufficiency middle ear effusion

Question 39

post op complication of T&A for OSA

Answer 39

pulmonary edema

Question 40

blunted inspiratory loop on spirometry

Answer 40

vocal cord paralysis

Question 41

chronic or progressive hoarseness, worse in evening, no stridor

Answer 41

vocal cord nodules

Question 42

biphasic stridor

Answer 42

usually subglottic stenosis

Question 43

what other than paraflu causes croup

Answer 43

measles! | also RSV, flu

Question 44

neck film in toxic patient with croup - ragged air column

Answer 44

bacterial tracheitis

Question 45

what happens with needle aspiration of atypical mycobacterial lymphadenopathy

Answer 45

chronic drainage

Question 46

should you excise thyroglossal duct cyst

Answer 46

no - at least until screened to see if thyroid tissue present

Question 47

viral causes of parotitis

Answer 47

mumps | HIV

Question 48

bacterial cause of parotitis

Answer 48

staph aureus