ENT Descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation of tonsils and rest of pharyngeal mucosa, usually associated with either coryzal type illness or a respiratory tract infection

A

acute pharyngitis

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2
Q

Main bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis?

A

beta-haemolytic streptococcus

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3
Q

Abscess that forms in between the tonsil capsule, may be spontaneous or after tonsillitis

A

peritonsillar abscess

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4
Q

triad of pharyngitis, fever and cervical lymphadenopathy

A

glandular fever

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5
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

triad of pharyngitis, fever and cervical lymphadenopathy but also including lypmhocytosis with atypical lymphocytes

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6
Q

What causes 90% of Infectious mononucleosis?

A

EBV

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7
Q

Spread of infection from tonsil or quinsy through superior constrictor muscle of pharynx

A

parapharyngeal space

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8
Q

Tends to occur in children following suppuration of retropharyngeal lymph node after bacterial or viral sore throat

A

retropharyngeal abscess

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9
Q

Thrush of the mouth and pharynx, causing sore throat

A

oral candida

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10
Q

usually caused by Haem influenzae type B, incidence peaks at ages 3, 7 and during adulthood

A

epiglottitis

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11
Q

Now uncommon condition resulting from group A strep infection

A

scarlet fever

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12
Q

Rare in UK due in immunisations, caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae, can affect multiple body sytems

A

diptheria

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13
Q

Drugs such as what can cause neutropenia which predisposes patients to pharyngeal ulceration and oropharyngeal infections

A

carbimazole and sulfalazine

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14
Q

Patients with allergic rhinitis are sensitized to specific allergens and have what antibodies for relevant allergens

A

IgE

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15
Q

Vasomotor rhinitis or nasal polyps

A

non-allergic rhinitis

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16
Q

Is acute infective rhinotsinusitis viral or bacterial?

A

98% are viral

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17
Q

Collection of blood between perichondrium and septal cartilage

A

septal haematoma

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18
Q

Infection or paranasal sinuses which can be bacterial or funfal

A

sinusitis

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19
Q

Which bacteria mainly cause sinusitis?

A

strep pneumonia/haem influenza

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20
Q

progressive, usually bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in elderly

A

prebycusis

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21
Q

Loss of cochlear outer hair cells, ganglion cell loss in vestibulocochlear nerve fibres and atrophy of the striae

A

prebycusis

22
Q

benign subarachnoid tumours that cause problems with local pressure

A

acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma

23
Q

Inflammation of middle ear with accumulation of fluid, peak age is 3 years

24
Q

What should you suspect in adults with OME?

A

post nasal space tumour

25
fundamental probelm is with dysfunction of Eustachian tubes
OME
26
Is OME commoner in boys or girls?
boys
27
What other factors make OME more common?
winter time, Down's syndrome, primary ciliary dyskinesia | children of smokers
28
Most common bacterial causes of AOM?
strep pneumonia, haem influenze, strep pyogenes
29
often a URI infoving middle ear by extension of infection up the eustachian tube
AOM
30
Active squamous chronic otitis media
cholesteatoma
31
Is cholesteatoma a tumour?
no
32
What predisposes to TMJ dysfunction?
teeth grinding and stress Depression Ehlers Danlos
33
Middle ear pressure cannot be equalized during descent in aircraft or diving, causing damage
barotrauma
34
inflammation of outer ear canal
otitis externa
35
Bacterial causes of otitis externa?
staph aureus, proteus spp, pseudomonas aerg
36
Fungal causes of otitis externa?
aspergillus niger, candida albicans
37
Associated with vestibular portion of vestibulocochlear nerve, occurs within temporal bone and represents 80-90% of cerebellopontine angle tumours
vestibular schwannoma
38
Commonest cause of vertigo on looking up
BPPV
39
Caused by otoliths breaking off from vestibule of labyrinth and getting into semicircular canal
BPPV
40
Floppy tissue above vocal cord falls into airway when a child breathes in present at birth
Laryngomalcia
41
shearing force to auricle leads to separation of anterior perichondrium for the underlying cartilage tearing of blood vessels
pinna haematoma
42
bony hypertrophy from cold exposure
extoses
43
secreted in outer 3rd of canal
wax
44
Common in patients under 5 and adults with learning difficulties, causes a lot of inflammation
foreign bodies in ear
45
80% of temporal bone fractures
longitudinal
46
Can cross the internal acousitc meatus causing damage to the auditory and facial nerves
transverse temporal fracture
47
80% of temporal bone fractures
longitudinal temporal fracture
48
Can cross the internal acousitc meatus causing damage to the auditory and facial nerves
transverse temporal fracture
49
often associated with non allergic asthma
nasal polyps
50
autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance
otosclerosis
51
vascular spongy bone replaces normaly bone or otic capsule, particularly around oval windoq
otosclerosis
52
What are symptoms of otosclerosis made worse by?
pregnancy, menstruation, menopause