Physiology of Taste and Smell Flashcards

1
Q

What type or receptors and taste and smell receptors?

A

chemoreceptors

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2
Q

What can taste and smell influence?

A

flow of digestive juice

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3
Q

Can taste perception be influenced by smell?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Where are taste receptors found?

A

taste buds (organs of taste)

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5
Q

What else to taste buds contain?

A

support cells, basal cells

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6
Q

How are cells arranged in taste buds?

A

like orange slices

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7
Q

What is the life span of taste receptor?

A

10 days

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8
Q

Where are taste buds found?

A

mainly in tongue but also palate, epiglottis, pharynx

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9
Q

Which type of papillae in the tongue does not contain taste buds?

A

filiform

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10
Q

What type of nerve fibres do taste receptors synapse with?

A

afferent

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11
Q

Where are signals conveyed to via the brainstem and thalamus?

A

cortaid gustatory areas

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12
Q

Which nerve carries signals from anterior 2/3rds of tongue?

A

VII

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13
Q

Which nerve carries signals from posterior 3rd of tongue?

A

IX

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14
Q

Which nerve carries signals from areas other than tongue eg pharynx?

A

X

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15
Q

Name the 5 primary tastes.

A

salty, sweet, sour, bitter, unami (meaty or savoury)

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16
Q

What often triggers unami tastes?

A

amino acids especially glutamate

17
Q

What is loss of taste function called, and what might cause it?

A

ageusia

endocrine, nerve damage, local inflammation

18
Q

What is reduced taste called and what causes it?

A

hypogeusia

chemotherapy, medications

19
Q

What is distortion of taste called and what might cause it?

A

dysgeusia

mainly infections, tooth decay etc

20
Q

What are the three types of cell olfactory mucosa contains?

A

olfactory receptors
support cells
basal cells

21
Q

Neurons in olfactory receptors each have what?

A

a thick short dendrite and an expanded end called an olfactory rod

22
Q

What project to the surface of the olfactory mucosa from the olfactory rods?

23
Q

What do odorants bind to?

24
Q

What do axons of the receptors pierce and then enter?

A

cribiform plate of ethmoid, enter olfactory bulbs

25
During quiet breathing, what is the only way odarants may be smelled?
diffusion
26
What enhances smelling drawing air currents into nasal cavity>
sniffing
27
What two things must an odarant be to be able to be smelled?
sufficiently volatile and water soluble
28
What is anosmia?
inability to smell
29
What might cause anosmia?
viral infections, allergy, nasal polyps, head injury
30
What is hyposmia and what may cause this?
reduced ability to smell | as with anosmia, or may be early sign of Parkinson's
31
Dysosmia is what? What are examples?
altered sense of smell | eg hallucinations of smell, or differently interpreting odours