Enteral Nutrition

Question 1

Types of Enteral formulas

Answer 1

Standard polymeric
Elemental or small peptide
Disease specific

Question 2

Composition of the standard polymeric formula

Answer 2

Protein content - 10-15%
Carb content - 50-60%
Fiber content 4-20 g/L
Fat content - 30-35%

Vitamin, mineral and trace elements to meet US recommended dietary allowances in 1-1.5 L of formula

Usually lactose and gluten free

Used when patients are capable of some digestion and absorption

Question 3

Elemental or small peptide diet

Answer 3

recommended for patients with significant malabsorption and or intestinal dysfunction

Containe known quantities of purified substances (macronutrients in simpler form)
CHO- glucose or dextrins
Protein - amino acids, dipeptides or tripeptides
FAt - MCT, monoglycerides, diglycerides

Stool passages decreases or stops

Question 4

Disease specific formulas

Answer 4

Modified macro/micro nutrients designed for specific disease states

glucose intolerance formula with less CHO

hepatic dysfunction formula with high BCCA

renal dysfunction with modified calories, protein certain electrolytes and vitamins

Question 5

What is the osmolality of plasma?

Answer 5

280-294 mOsm/kg
> than plasma = hypertonic
= plasma = isotonic solution
< than plasma = hypotonic

Question 6

Osmolality of fat, protein and HO

Answer 6

Fat will not increase osmolality
Protein contributes to osmolality more than CHO
However, there is more CHO so decrease or increase that first