ENTEROBACTER Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Enterobacter
- Resembles K. ____
- Causes ____ due to powdered milk formula
- ____ appereance
- ____ motile
A
K. pneumoniae
necrotizing fasciitis
Fish eye
Highly
2
Q
Enterobacter Members (CAAGS)
A
- E. cloacae
- E. aerogenes
- Pantoea agglomerans
- E. gergoviae
- Cronobacter sakazakii
3
Q
Most predominant isolate member of Enterobacter
A
E. cloacae
4
Q
Member of Enterobacter that has strong urease reaction
A
E. gergoviae
5
Q
Member of Enterobacter that causes necrotizing fasciitis like meningitis with yellow colonies
A
C. sakazakii
6
Q
Enterobacter is ____ in Ornithine decarboxylase EXCEPT P. ____
A
positive
Pantoea agglomerans
7
Q
T/F
To differentiate Enterobacter and Klebsiella: motility
can be used
A
FALSE
motility and ornithine decarboxylase is used
8
Q
Motility
Enterobacter:
Klebsiella:
A
Motile
Non motile
9
Q
Ornithine decarboxylase
Enterobacter:
Klebsiella:
A
(+) except Pantoea agglomerans
(-)
10
Q
ass. with hemolytic uremic syndrome
rarely considered pathogenic
A
Hafnia alvei
11
Q
Hafnia alvei
- ____ fermenters
- ____ in DNASE, gelatinase and lipase
A
Late lactose
negative
12
Q
Hafnia alvei major characteristics
A
delayed positive citrate reaction
13
Q
Well-known for antibiotic resistant to a wide range of
antibiotics
A
Serratia
14
Q
Serratia
- ___ fermenters
- motile
- ___ in DNASE, gelatinase and lipase
A
Late lactose or Non lactose in some book
positive
15
Q
Serratia
Virulence factor:
A
Prodigiosin (red milk)
16
Q
- Can be isolated in benzoyl fluoride
- Outbreaks in nurseries and burn units
A
S. marcescens
17
Q
- non pathogenic but common as blood bag contaminant
A
S. liquefaciens
18
Q
- closely related to S. marcescens, also produces red pigment
A
S. rubidaea
19
Q
To differentiate rubidaea from liquefaciens, use
A
malonate test
20
Q
- smell like a rotten potato or rancid potato odor
A
S. odorifera
21
Q
- Ingestion of contaminated food, poultry, or like dairy products and water
- Human to human transmission- carrier state
A
Salmonella
22
Q
Salmonella
- ____ fermenter EXCEPT S. ____
- ____ Indole, VP, PAD, Urease
- Produces ____ EXCEPT S. ____
A
Non lactose fermenter; S. arizonae
negative
H2S; S. paratyphi A
23
Q
Salmonella
- Motile EXCEPT S. ____ & ____
- Citrate ____ EXCEPT ____
- LDC ____ EXCEPT S. ____
A
S. gallinarum and pullorum
(+); typhi
(+); S. paratyphi
24
Q
Salmonella
Virulence factor:
Antigens present:
A
Pili
O and H Antigen
25
Salmonella antigen that is heat stable, IgM, lipopolysaccharide in content
O antigen
26
Salmonella antigen that has flagellar, heat labile, IgG, protein
H antigen
27
What antigen can be found in carrier of Salmonella
Vi
28
Salmonella
- Common Sequelae:
- Incubation Period: ___ and can multiply in ___ and ___
S. osteomyelitis
1-4 weeks; spleen and liver
29
Salmonella Serotypes (TPC)
Typhimurium
Paratyphi
Choleraesuis
30
Salmonella Serotypes are associated with
bacteremia
31
Salmonella serotype which is associated with food poisoning
S. typhimurium
32
Salmonella serotype which is a paratyphoid fever
S. paratyphi
33
Salmonella serotype which is a non paratyphoid fever
S. choleraesuis
34
Can survive in well water (tubig sa poso) for 7 days
Common name is Evert bacillus
Salmonella typhi
35
Salmonella typhi
MOT:
Complication:
Major Reservoir:
Site of long term carriage:
Gold standard:
Fecal-oral route
Psychosis
Chickens
Gallbladder
Blood culture 38:00
36
Salmonella typhi
- Blood Culture - reliable during the ___
- Stool and Urine Culture - reliable during ___
- Widal test - reliable during ___
1st week
2nd week
3rd week
37
it is a serological test to identify Typhoid fever
Widal test
Titer O - active infection (1:160)
Post vaccination or past infection (1:160)
38
Salmonella typhi
In Biochemical testing:
PSI -production of hydrogen sulfite is mustache type
39
Paratyphoid Fever
- S. paratyphi A
- S. paratyphi B
- S. paratyphi C
40
- Highly communicable disease - low infective dose
<200 bacilli can cause disease thru flies
- Reservoir: Humans only
Shigella
41
Shigella
- ____ fermenters EXCEPT S. ___
- LD, Citrate, Malonate, xylose, H2S ___ anaerogenic
- ONPG ___
- Non lactose; S. sonnei (LLF)
(-)
(+); for LLF ang ONPG
42
Shigella
- MOT:
- Incubation period:
Fecal-oral route
1 to 7 days
43
Shigella
Virulence factors:
Shiga toxin which produces diarrhea and dysentery
44
Toxin that causes inflammation in Shigella
Endotoxin
45
Toxin that causes invasive property; heat labile, non-motile because they lack the H antigens, also lacks K antigens in Shigella
Neurotoxin
46
Non-mannitol fermenters
S. dysenteriae
47
most virulent spp. among shigella
S. dysenteriae
48
Toxins present in S. dysenteriae
- Exotoxin
- Enterotoxin
49
Toxin in S. dysenteriae that is responsible for neurotoxin
Exotoxin
50
Toxin in S. dysenteriae that is similar to cholera toxin
Enterotoxin
51
Mannitol fermenters that is Non lactose fermenter (2)
NLF:
- S. flexneri
- S. boydii
52
Mannitol fermenter that has strong bacillus/ gay bowel syndrome
S. flexneri
53
Mannitol fermenter that is a new castle manchester
S. boydii
54
A painful diarrhea characterized by presence of blood streak and plenty of past cells
Watery stool
Bacillary dysentery
55
Mannitol fermenter that is sonduval bacillus or Sonne’s bacillus and can cross react with plesiomonas, which is a NLF
S. sonnei
56
Mannitol fermenters that is Late lactose fermenter (1)
S. sonnei
57
Fewer past cells and Watery stool
Amoebic dysentery
58
Subspecies of Salmonella that has a positive color of blue, causes gastroenteritis and uses sodium malonate
Salmonella subsp. Arizonae (Arizona hinshawii)
59
Salmonella subsp. Arizonae (Arizona hinshawii)
- ____ fermenter
- motile
- Normally they are present in ___ , in their intestines
Late lactose
reptiles stone
60
Biochemically similar to E. coli (only difference is that E. tarda is NLF while E.coli is LF)
Seen in reptiles or cold and warm blooded animals
Edwarsiella tarda
61
Edwarsiella tarda
- ____ fermenter
- motile
- Citrate, Urea ___
- Produces abundant/ heavy ___
- Indole
Non lactose
(-)
H2S
(+)
62
Also known as Bethesda-Ballerup
Also biochemically similar to E. coli
Can be mistaken for Salmonella
Can cause intestinal infection, they are normally
present in gut/ stomach
Citrobacter
63
Citrobacter
- ____ fermenter
- Citrate, ONPG and MR
Late lactose
(+)
64
Use to differentiate Citrobacter from Salmonella and Key biochemical test
LDC or lysine decarboxylase
65
Extraintestinal infections
Normal gut flora
C. freundii
65
Neonatal meningitis
Cause nursery outbreak
H2S (-)
Indole and malonate (+)
C. koseri
66
Rare human pathogen
Associated with community acquired infection like septicemia, cervical px.
C. braaki
67
- NLF
- Rapid urease producer 2-4 hours after inoculation
- Swarming motility on BAP
- Dienes Phenomenon - don’t mingle
Proteus
68
Most important member
Most common isolate
Rapid urease producer that can
lead to kidney stone formation
Pneumonia and septicemia
P. mirabilis
69
P. mirabilis
- produces ___ antigen
- indole ___
- ONPG ___
- Sensitive:
OX-K
(-)
(+)
Cephalosporin and ampicillin
70
Can cause nosocomial UTI
Produces OX-2 : OX-19 antigen
Indole(+)
Resistant: cephalosporin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol
P. vulgaris
71
Only impt. species
Don’t swarm on blood agar plate can cause UTI, diarrhea and wound infections
Morganella morganii
72
Morganella morganii key tests
Lactose, LDC, Citrate
73
Normal intestinal flora
Do not swarm
Associated to nosocomial and UTI
Cause diarrhea in children
Providencia alcalifaciens
74
Urease (+)
UTI and skin infections
Cause diarrhea among travelers
P. rettgeri
75
UTI in dwelling catheters
Can isolate in urine culture and can be nosocomial
Variable urease
P. stuartii
76
Safety pin appearance
Form Stalactite pattern- adhere on one side only
Yersinia
77
Yersinia
- ____ fermenters
- micro___
- ____
- ___ granules
Non lactose
aerophilis
zoonotic
bipolar
78
Yersinia that are present in
1. NM at 37 degC but Motile at 25 degC -
2. NM at 25 degC or 37 degC -
Y. enterocolitica/ Y. pseudotuberculosis
Y. pestis
79
Yersinial plasmid encoded outer membrane protein
YOPS
80
Yersinia in Deoxycholate agar
reddish pink
81
Plague transmitted thru the bite of rat fleas
Classified as bioterrorism agent class A
They are not enteric pathogen Intracellular parasite
Y. pestis
82
Y. pestis
- Urease, Ornithine __
- ___ & ___ antigens
- Culture:
- Transport medium:
(-)
V & W
CIN (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin medium)
Cary blair
83
Y. pestis on BAP looks like ___
- 48 hrs. ___
- 24 hrs. ___
hammered copper colonies
cauliflower like
pinpoint
84
3 types of human plague in Y. pestis
1. Bubonic plague
2. Pneumonic plague
3. Septicemic plague
85
Type of human plague in Y. pestis that affect the lymph nodes
Bubonic plague
86
Type of human plague in Y. pestis that is airborne
inhalation
Pneumonic plague
87
Type of human plague in Y. pestis that is black death due to swark man phenomenon
Septicemic plague
88
Y. pestis
Virulence factors:
Fraction 1 - anti phagocytic
V protein
W lipoprotein
89
Most common to humans
Most common blood contaminant
Enterocolitis
Bull’s eye colonies
Appendicitis-like infection
Y. enterocolitica
90
Y. enterocolitica
- ___ fermenters
- Main reservior:
- ONPG ___
Late lactose
Pigs
(+)
91
Mesenteric lymphadenitis
Motile at ___
Yersiniosis
Y. pseudotuberculosis
RT
92
severe intestinal inflammation caused by enterocolitica or pseudotuberculosis
Yersiniosis
92
Grow on enteric media and biochemically imitate shigella
Gastritis
Plesiomonas shigelloides
93
Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Oxidase ___
- ____ fermenter
- Triple Decarboxylase
- Specimen:
(-)
glucose
(+)
Stool and rectal swab
94
Triple Decarboxylase (+)
- LBC
- Ornithine decarboxylase
- Arginine decarboxylase
95
Test is use to differentiate plesiomonas from aeromonas
DNASE test (P-neg; A-pos)
