Enterobacterales: UTIs/HCAI

Question 1

What infections are associated with E. coli?

Answer 1

GI, UTI, Neonatal meningitis, BSI

BSI stands for bloodstream infections.

Question 2

Which organism is associated with GI infections only?

Answer 2

Shigella

Question 3

What infections are associated with Salmonella?

Answer 3

GI, Typhoid

Question 4

What types of infections are caused by Yersinia?

Answer 4

GI, plague

Question 5

What infections are associated with Klebsiella?

Answer 5

UTI, Pneumonia, BSI

Question 6

Which organism is primarily associated with UTIs?

Answer 6

Proteus

Question 7

What types of infections does Enterobacter cause?

Answer 7

HCAI: UTI, pneumonia

Question 8

What infections are associated with Citrobacter?

Answer 8

UTI, Bacteraemia

Question 9

What samples are used for UTI lab investigation?

Answer 9

MSU or CSU

Question 10

What culture medium is used for UTI lab investigation?

Answer 10

Chromagar (10 μL loop)

Question 11

What is the colony appearance of E. coli on Chromagar?

Answer 11

Dark pink to reddish

Question 12

What is the Chromagar appearance of Enterococcus?

Answer 12

Turquoise blue

Question 13

What color indicates Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Citrobacter on Chromagar?

Answer 13

Metallic blue

Question 14

What is the colony appearance of Proteus on Chromagar?

Answer 14

Brown halo (no swarm on MAC)

Question 15

What is the appearance of Pseudomonas on Chromagar?

Answer 15

Cream, translucent

Question 16

What does S. aureus look like on Chromagar?

Answer 16

Golden, opaque, small

Question 17

What is the Chromagar appearance of S. saprophyticus?

Answer 17

Pink, opaque, small

Question 18

What type of bacteria is Proteus mirabilis?

Answer 18

GNB, highly motile (swarming on non-selective media)

GNB stands for Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Question 19

What are the urease and lysine decarboxylase results for Proteus mirabilis?

Answer 19

Urease: +, Lysine Decarb: –

Urease test indicates the ability to hydrolyze urea.

Question 20

What is the lactose fermentation status of Proteus mirabilis?

Answer 20

NLF

NLF stands for Non-Lactose Fermenter.

Question 21

What are the characteristics of Klebsiella spp.?

Answer 21

Commensal, causes UTI, BSI, VAP, mucoid colonies (capsule), GNB, Oxidase –, Weak Catalase +

BSI stands for Bloodstream Infections and VAP stands for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

Question 22

What are the urease and lysine decarboxylase results for Klebsiella spp.?

Answer 22

Urease: ± (K. pneumoniae +), Lysine Decarb: +

K. pneumoniae is a specific species known for its urease positive result.

Question 23

What infections are associated with Enterobacter spp.?

Answer 23

UTI, pneumonia, HCAI (e.g., catheters, wounds)

HCAI stands for Health Care Associated Infections.

Question 24

What are the characteristics of Citrobacter spp. (C. freundii)?

Answer 24

Environment + GI tract, UTI, bacteraemia (often HCAI), GNB, LF on MAC

LF stands for Lactose Fermenter and MAC refers to MacConkey agar.

Question 25

What is the urease result for Citrobacter spp.?

Answer 25

Urease: – ## Footnote Indicates that Citrobacter spp. does not hydrolyze urea.

Question 26

What does CLABSI stand for?

Answer 26

Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections ## Footnote This is a type of health care-associated infection.

Question 27

What does CAUTI stand for?

Answer 27

Catheter-Associated UTI ## Footnote CAUTI is a common type of urinary tract infection.

Question 28

What does VAP stand for?

Answer 28

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia ## Footnote VAP is a significant infection in patients on mechanical ventilation.

Question 29

What is CPE?

Answer 29

Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales ## Footnote CPE are resistant bacteria that require screening with rectal swabs.

Question 30

True or False: Klebsiella spp. are fastidious organisms.

Answer 30

False ## Footnote Klebsiella spp. are not fastidious and can grow on a variety of media.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: Enterobacter spp. are GNB, _______ –, Weak Catalase +.

Answer 31

Oxidase

Question 32

What is the Dulcitol result for Proteus mirabilis?

Answer 32

– ## Footnote Indicates that Proteus mirabilis does not utilize dulcitol.

Question 33

What is the motility status of Proteus mirabilis?

Answer 33

Highly motile ## Footnote This characteristic allows Proteus mirabilis to swarm on non-selective media.