entire chp 1 cuz i feel like crying Flashcards
(18 cards)
Analogue data
physical data that changes smoothly from one value to the next,
central processing unit
part of the computer that interprets
and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software.
RAM
Temporary memory device
Can be written to and read from Read-only, data stored cannot be altered
Used to store data, files, programs, part of
operating systems (OS) currently in use
ROM
Permanent memory device
Read-only, data stored cannot be altered
Used to store BIOS and other data needed at start up
Input devices
any hardware device that allows a user to enter data or instructions into a computer directly.
can send data to another device, but it cannot receive data from another device.
necessary for a computer to receive commands from its users and data to process
fairly complicated because they have to ensure that the user can interact with the computer correctly.
Output devices
any hardware device that takes the output data from a computer and puts it into a human-readable format or uses it to control another device.
capable of receiving data from another device in order to generate an output, but it cannot send data to another device.
needed by a computer so it can share the results of its processing with a human
less complex because they only have to turn computer signals into an output.
Internal memory
RAM contents are lost when computer is powered down; ROM contents are readable only.
RAM and ROM are much smaller memories than backing storage.
Data access time on RAM and ROM is extremely fast.
Much more expensive per byte than backing storage devices.
RAM and ROM are fixed inside the computer (internal memories).
RAM and ROM can be read directly by the CPU.
Backing storage
Backing storage devices hold their contents permanently, even when powered down.
Have considerably larger capacity to store data than RAM or ROM.
Has much slower data access time than RAM and ROM.
Is much cheaper per byte than RAM or ROM.
Backing storage can either be fixed (external or internal) or it can be removable.
The general tasks for a typical operating system
control of the operation of the input, output and backing storage devices
supervising the loading, running and storage of applications programs
dealing with errors that occur in application programs
advantages of CLI
The user is in direct communication with the computer.
The user is not restricted to a number of pre-determined options.
It is possible to alter computer configuration settings.
disadvantages of CLI
user needs to learn a number of commands to carry out basic operations.
All commands need to be typed in, which takes time and can be error prone.
Each command must be typed in using the correct format, spelling, and so on
advantages of GUI
The user does not need to learn any commands.
It is more user-friendly; icons are used to represent applications.
A pointing device (such as a mouse) is used to click on an icon to launch the application – this is simpler than typing in commands.
disadvantages of GUI
uses up considerably more computer
memory.
The user is limited to the icons
provided on the screen.
Needs a more complex operating
system, such as Windows, to operate,
which can be slower to execute
commands.
Advantages of smartphones:
They are very small in size and lightweight
can use them to make phone calls, also connect to the internet while
on the move.
Wi-Fi and mobile phone networks they can be used almost anywhere
They have a reasonable battery life compared to laptops.
Disadvantages of smartphones
The small screens and keyboards make pages difficult to read.
It is more difficult and slower when typing things in
Web browsing and photography can quickly drain the battery.
Memory size in most phones is not very large
easier to lose a smartphone or for it to
be stolen
The data transfer rate using mobile phone networks can be slower than with
Wi-Fi
Advantages of tablets
very fast to switch on
fully portable
touch screen technology means they are simple to use
can use several apps as standard
not much heat
battery life is a lot longer
when the power button is pressed, it goes into standby,
Disadvantages of tablets
tend to be rather expensive
often have limited memory or storage
they can be expensive to run if
the internet is being accessed frequently
typing on a touch screen can be slow and error-prone
Negative impacts of AI
could lead to many job losses in a number of areas
dependency on technology and the inability to carry out tasks done by robots
loss of skills
