Entire Endocrine System

Question 1

Pituitary Gland

Answer 1

An endocrine gland that has two lobes.

Question 2

What’s the pituitary gland controlled by?

Answer 2

Controlled by the hypothalamus through the stalk that connects them.

Question 3

Function of Posterior Pituitary

Answer 3

• Doesn’t produce any hormones
• Stores and releases the hormones, ADH and Oxytocin.

Question 4

What hormones does the Post Pituitary gland release?

Answer 4

Any Other

• Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
• Oxytocin (OCT)

Question 5

How does ADH and Oxytocin get to Post. Pituitary?

Answer 5

It goes to the post pituitary through neuronal axons.

Question 6

What hormones does the Hypothalamus produce?

Answer 6

Inhibiting and releasing hormones

Question 7

What’s the target tissue for the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

Anterior pituitary

Question 8

What’s the function of the hormones released from the Hypothalamus?

Answer 8

• regulates the hormones of the anterior pituitary.

Question 9

What hormones does the Anterior Pituitary release?

Answer 9

• produces and released six hormones:

FL TAPH

TP FLAG:

1. Human growth hormone (hGH)
2. Prolactin (PRL)
3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
6. Legitimizing hormone (LH)

Question 10

Target tissue for ADH

Answer 10

Kidney Tubules

Question 11

Function of ADH

Answer 11

Increases the reabsorption of water

• holds onto fluids in your body

Question 12

Stimulus for the release of ADH

Answer 12

Dehydration

Question 13

Target tissue for Oxytocin (OCT)

Answer 13

• uterine muscles
• mammary glands

Question 14

Function of Oxytocin hormone

Answer 14

• birth and milk production

Question 15

Where is the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) produced?

Answer 15

The anterior pituitary

Question 16

Target tissue of human growth hormone (hGH)?

Answer 16

Various tissues, affects almost every body tissue.

Question 17

Function of the hormone hGH?

Answer 17

Regulates growth development, metabolism.

Question 18

What are hGH growth factors?

Answer 18

• hGH stimulates the liver to secrete hormones called growth factors.

Question 19

What do hGH and the growth factors increase?

Answer 19

• protein synthesis
• stimulate cell division - the growth of bone, tissue, cartilage, muscle (embryo).
• increased fat metabolism
• increased blood glucose from liver

Question 20

Stimulus for hGH?

Answer 20

• fasting
• sleep
• exercise
• stress
• genetics

Question 21

Glands in order that are involved in the process of releasing hGH?

Answer 21

1. Hypothalamus
2. Anterior pituitary
3. Various tissues

Question 22

Hormones secretes (in order) that are involved in the production of hGH.

+ Function.

Answer 22

1. GH.RH:

• tropic hormone
• travels through portal system and attaches to receptors in the anterior pituitary.

2. hGH

• receptor in the anterior pituitary releases the growth hormone.

Question 23

Hyposecretion of hGH during childhood

Answer 23

Dwarfism (unusually short)

Question 24

Hypersecretion of hGH during childhood

Answer 24

Gigantism (unusually tall)

Question 25

Hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood

Answer 25

Acromegaly (broadening of hand, feet, face).

Question 26

What does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 26

- Thyroxine (T4) and Calcitonin

Question 27

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 27

Beneath the larynx (voice box) In front of the trachea (windpipe)

Question 28

What’s the primary function of the thyroid gland?

Answer 28

- regulate metabolism, speeds up rate at which cells use energy - regulates growth and development

Question 29

Glands that produce thyroxine in order

Answer 29

1. Hypothalamus 2. Anterior pituitary 3. Thyroid gland

Question 30

Hormones produced (in order) during the production of thyroxine

Answer 30

1. TSH-RH or TRH 2. TSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone 3. Thyroxine

Question 31

What does Thyroxine (T4) target?

Answer 31

All body cells

Question 32

Function of Thyroxine (T4)

Answer 32

- stimulates the cells of the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and kidney to increase the rate of cellular resp. - plays a role in growth and development of children by influencing the organization of cells into tissues and organs.

Question 33

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 33

Excess thyroid secretion. - increased metabolic rate - more heat, increased temp. - sweating - fat reduction - increased appetite - weight loss - increased heart rate - hyperactive

Question 34

Hypothyroidism

Answer 34

Low thyroid secretion. - decreased metabolic rate - decreased temp, feeling cold. - increased fat storage - decreased appetite - weight gain - decreased heart rate - tired, less active.

Question 35

Goitre

Answer 35

Thyroid enlargement

Question 36

What causes goitre?

Answer 36

Lack of iodine. - lack of iodine = low thyroxine

Question 37

Where is Calcitonin produced?

Answer 37

The thyroid gland.