Section 12.3 - Mechanoreception and Chemoreception

Question 1

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 1

Sensory receptors cells for both hearing and balance.

Question 2

Outer Ear

Answer 2

Consists of the pinna, and ear canal.

Question 3

Pinna

Answer 3

Outside flap of ear. Enhanced sound vibrations and focuses them into ear.

Question 4

Auditory Canal

Answer 4

A tube that leads to the eardrum in the middle ear.

• Amplifies sound waves

Question 5

What do hairs and earwax in auditory canal do?

Answer 5

They prevent dust, insects, bacteria, and other foreign materials from proceeding into the ear.

Question 6

Middle Ear

Answer 6

Air filled space begins with eardrum (tympanum).

Question 7

Eardrum (tympanum)

Answer 7

A round, elastic structure that vibrates in response to sound waves.

Question 8

Ossicles

Answer 8

Three tiny, interconnected bones in the middle ear. Smallest bones.

Sends vibrations into the oval window.

Question 9

Oval window

Answer 9

Membrane-covered opening in the wall of the inner ear

Question 10

Eustachian tube

Answer 10

The middle ear is connected to the throat by this

Question 11

Inner Ear

Answer 11

Consists of three interconnecting structures: the semicircular canals, the vestibule, and the cochlea.

• fluid filled

Question 12

Cochlea

Answer 12

Used for hearing

Question 13

Semicircular canals and vestibule

Answer 13

Contain sensors for balance

Question 14

Organ of corti

Answer 14

The organ of hearing, in middle chamber of cochlea

Question 15

Basilar membrane

Answer 15

Along the base of the organ of corti

• hair cells are attached to it.
• hair cells projections called stereocilia stick and into the tectorial membrane

Question 16

What happens to the stereocilia?

Answer 16

They’re stimulated by the motion of fluid, they rub against the tectorial membrane. Action Potential produced.

Question 17

Auditory nerve

Answer 17

Messages are sent to the brain through the auditory nerve

Question 18

Round window

Answer 18

Vibrations dissipate here, end of cochlea.

Question 19

Short nerve hair cells respond to ___ frequency

Answer 19

High, near my oval window

Question 20

long nerve hair cells respond to _____ frequency

Answer 20

Lower

Question 21

Amplitude

Answer 21

The amplitude of a sound wave is experienced as the intensity or volume of sound.

Question 22

What does a loud noise result in

Answer 22

Loud noise = pressure that fluid in cochlea puts on hair cells of basilar membrane. Can damage stereocilia.

Question 23

What is involved in balance and equilibrium?

Answer 23

The semicircular canals, utricle and saccule.

Question 24

Rotational equilibrium

Answer 24

Head and body rotation

Question 25

Semicircular Canals

Answer 25

Involved with in rotational equilibrium

Question 26

Ampulla

Answer 26

Pockets at the base of each semicircular canal

Question 27

What happens in the ampulla?

Answer 27

There are hair cells that stick into the jelly-like cupula

Question 28

What happens when you rotate your head?

Answer 28

The fluid in the semicircular canals bend and move the stereocilia, causing the hair cells to send info to the brain.

Question 29

Gravitational Equilibrium

Answer 29

The balance required when moving the head back or forth.

Question 30

What’s involved in gravitational equilibrium

Answer 30

The utricle and the saccule

Question 31

What do the utricle and the saccule contain?

Answer 31

Otoliths

Question 32

Otoliths

Answer 32

Calcium carbonate stones in the utricle and saccule. - pulled in the direction of gravity.

Question 33

What happens when you’re head is upright and not moving?

Answer 33

Otoliths are pulled down, brushing past the stereocilia and proving info to the brain. - the person is in an upright position

Question 34

Proprioreceptors

Answer 34

A Mechanoreceptor involved in coordination - found in muscles, tendons, joints - send info about body position and limb angles.