Section 11.2 - The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Grey Matter

Answer 1

Unmyelinated axons, contains mostly cell bodies, dendrites. Found around outside of the brain, and in the inside of spinal cord.

• Can’t regenerate.

Question 2

White Matter

Answer 2

Contains myelinated axons. Forms inner area of some of the brain, and the outer area of the spinal cord.

Question 3

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 3

Protects the spinal cord and the brain

• transports hormones, white blood cells, and nutrients across the blood-brain barrier.
• shock absorber for the brain

Question 4

Regions of the brain

Answer 4

The hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain.

Question 5

Meninges

Answer 5

Three layers of tough, elastic tissue within the skull and spinal column,

Enclose the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

What does the hindbrain include?

Answer 6

Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons.

Question 7

Where is the Midbrain located?

Answer 7

• found above pons in the brain stem

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

• walnut shaped structure
• coordinates limb movements, posture, and balance.

Specifically:

• involved in unconscious coordination of posture, reflexes, and body movements.
• voluntary motor skills.
• receives info from preprioreceptors

Question 9

Medulla oblongata

Answer 9

• sits at base of brainstem, connects brain with spinal cord.
• controls basic body functions.

Specifically:

automatic, involuntary responses, such breathing, heart rate, digestion, constriction/dilation of blood vessels, swallowing, coughing, etc

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

• found above and in front of the medulla oblongata
• serves as a relay centre for information movies between the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the medulla.

Question 11

Function of midbrain

Answer 11

Relays visual and auditory info between areas of hindbrain and forebrain.

Eye movement

Control of skeletal muscles

Question 12

What does the Forebrain include?

Answer 12

Thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum

Question 13

Thalamus

Answer 13

Sits at base of the forebrain.

• directs incoming sensory information

Question 14

Hypothalamus

Answer 14

• lies below thalamus
• regulates body’s internal environment (maintain homeostasis) and aspects of behaviour.

Question 15

Brain

Answer 15

Made up of the Cerebrum, the Cerebellum, and the Brain Stem.

Question 16

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 16

• the surface of the cerebrum.
• Outer gray matter layer. Surrounds the inner layer of white matter.

Question 17

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 17

• in temporal lobe
• comprehension of speech

Question 18

Broca’S Area

Answer 18

• in frontal lobe
• coordinates muscles for speaking and translates thoughts into speech.

Question 19

What is the CNS composed of?

Answer 19

• The brain and the spinal cord

Question 20

What does the CNS do?

Answer 20

It coordinates information related to it by the PNS, and responds with outgoing information.

Question 21

What is the spinal cord?

Answer 21

It’s a tube of nerves that runs through the backbone.

• it runs down the back from brain to hip area, and protected by backbone.

Question 22

What does the spinal cord do?

Answer 22

Provides communication between the brain and the PNS.

Question 23

Where is the midbrain found?

Answer 23

Above the pons in the brainstem.

Question 24

Cerebrum

Answer 24

Largest part of brain.

• divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres
• interprets and controls response to sensory information

Question 25

Corpus Callosum

Answer 25

- The hemispheres are linked by white matter called corpus callosum. - communication between hemispheres

Question 26

Blood-brain Barrier

Answer 26

The separation of blood and the CNS. - protects the brain and supplies brain with oxygen.

Question 27

Right Hemisphere

Answer 27

- non-verbal, spatial tasks. - facial recognition - artistic abilities

Question 28

Left hemisphere

Answer 28

- writing, speaking - LANGUAGE - logic, math skills.

Question 29

Occipital Lobe

Answer 29

Vision - Receives and analyzes visual information. - memories of visual stimuli

Question 30

Temporal Lobe

Answer 30

Auditory Reception, hearing - understanding speech - visual and verbal memories - hearing sounds, pitch, and frequency - contains Wernicke’s area.

Question 31

Parietal Lobes

Answer 31

Taste, touch - Receive and process sensory information from the skin. - somatosensory: touch, pain, temperature, pressure. - spatial awareness - memory of somatic sensation

Question 32

Frontal Lobes

Answer 32

Largest lobe, located at front of brain. - comprehension, speaking - mental and physical actions - voluntary muscle movement: speaking, writing - integrate information from other lines - critical thinking, reasoning , memory; personality, behaviour. - contains Broca’s area.

Question 33

A person kicks a soccer ball with their left leg. What part of the brain is this movement initiated in?

Answer 33

Initiated in right frontal lobe. - brain controls muscles on the opposite side of the body.

Question 34

Motor Cortex/Primary Motor Area Location?

Answer 34

Located at the back of the frontal lobe

Question 35

Motor Cortex/Primary Motor Area FUNCTION?

Answer 35

- Initiates voluntary movement

Question 36

Somatosensory Cortex Location?

Answer 36

Located at the front of the parietal lobe.

Question 37

Somatosensory Cortex FUNCTION

Answer 37

- somatic sensation - sensory information goes to opposite hemisphere.

Question 38

What is the brain stem composed of?

Answer 38

The midbrain, the pons, the medulla oblongata.