Life-cycle:
Hemi-metamorphosis: Mange/Scabies - Mite
Epi-morphosis: Bugs (bed bug) - Lice
Holo-metamorphosis: Beetle (darkling beetle) - Fleas Flies
Mosquitoes
The taxon name/order name of Bugs?
Heteroptera
Life cycle of the bugs is?
Epimorphosis (in notes: Hemimetamorphosis=incomplete metamorphosis)
What is the feed for bugs?
Blood
The female bugs lay down:
Eggs
How many nymph stages does bug have?
It has 5 nymph stages
Where is the mouth of bug?
Ventrally
Geographical occurence of Cimex lectularius?
Worldwide
Bed-bugs (Cimex lectularius) occur in the building of:
Poultry houses
The Bed-bugs may occur especially in the building of:
Egg-laying hens
What kind of pathogens are transmitted by the Bed-bugs?
None of them.
Is the Bed-bug a vector for anything if so what?
Yes, Bed-bugs are vectors of Trypanosoma Cruzi.
How many times does Bed-bug take blood meals during life cycle?
One stage many times
Obligate blood feeders. The adults and each nymph stage usually visit their hosts during the night for taking blood meals.
How many times does Bed-bug take blood meals during life cycle?
They take blood meals several times.
Bed-bug blood sucking? (?)
5 or 6
Bed-bugs can survive for 6-7 months without blood meal.
Bites sleeping victims:
Cimex lectularius (Bed-bug) Reduviidae (Kissing bugs)
The species of Triatoma (Kissing bugs) occur in:
Latin and South America
Not in Europe.
How can Kissing bugs inoculate Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)?
With their faeces
How does the Blood sucking bug infect you?
You rub it into yourself
After the bug bites and ingests blood, they defecate on the person. The person can become infected if T. cruzi parasites in the bug faeces enter the body through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin.
Xeno-diagnosis:
Biological vectors of T. cruzi are Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., and Panstrongylus spp. Blood sucking bugs, and examining their faeces.
Beetle occurs in which building?
Poultry house – Darkling beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus)
It is not parasitic, but pest of stored product.
Darkling beetle in the building of:
Pest of stored product. They destroy the insulation of the buildings. Structural pests!
Poultry houses? (Notes – Remove the litter during service period. Integrated pest management.)
Latin name of Darkling Beetle:
Alphitobius spp. – Alphitobius diaperinus
What is the scientific name for the Asian tiger mosquito?
Aedes albopictus
Where are adult mosquitoes formed?
Develop in stagnant/standing water OR on soil of floodplains
Feeding method of mosquitoes:
Only females take blood meals – Circadian rhythm. Both male (feathery plumose antennae) and female (short pilose antennae) mosquitoes feed on plant nectar, fruit juices, and liquids.
Feeding activity of mosquitoes:
Nocturnal, diurnal, crepuscular.
Mosquitoes vectors of:
Biological or Mechanical vectors of
Protozoa – Plasmodium spp.
Viruses – e.g. West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Dengue fever, Myxomatosis
Nematodes – Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm), D. repens, lymphoid filariosis (elephantiasis)
Which fly is of greatest nuisance to horses?
Black-flies
The females of Black-flies lay?
Eggs in batches (150-500 creamy-white eggs) on stone/vegetation next to running water or in.
Where do the Black-flies breed?
In fast running water / rapidly flowing water.
What does the female gnat lay down?
Cocoon spinned by last larvae.
Female Black-fly:
Only females are blood-suckers. Diurnal, exophilic, exophagic.
The antennae of the Black-flies are:
Short with many segments (9-12)
The Black-flies are the vectors of:
Onchocerca
The infective stage of Onchocerca species develop in:
Black-flies
Black-flies mechanical and biological vectors of:
Protozoa – Leucocutozoon smithi, L. simondi
Viruses – Equine encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, myxomatosis
Nematodes – Onchocerca spp. of horses and humans (river blindness – O. volvulus)
The family name of Biting midges is:
Ceratopogonidae Family (Genus Culicoides)
Where do Culicoides spp. develop?
Water vegetation, slow running streams, damp soil, or manure heaps. Have specialised habitats!
The Biting midges wings are:
Mottled, patterned
The feeding behaviour of the male Biting midges:
Only females feed on vertebrate blood.
Which spends most of its time in larval form?
Biting midges – Greater part of the life is spent in larval stage.
What works as a vector for Blue-tongue?
Culicoides
The biting midges are not the vectors of the pathogens of?
Leishmaniosis
Mechanical and Biological vectors of
Protozoa – Leucocytozoon spp., Haemoproteus spp. Nematodes – Onchocerca reticulate, O. ervicalis Viruses – Blue-tongue
Culicoides impunctatus causes:
Equine – Allergic dermatitis (sweet itch of horse). Ponies are especially sensitive. Human – Summer dermatitis, summer eczema (Queensland itch in Australia)
The family name of the Sand-flies is:
Family - Psychodidae
Sub-family – Phlebotominae
Sand-flies in latin:
Phlebotomus spp. (Old World) and Lutzomyia spp. (New World)
When are Phlebotominae spp. active?
Crepuscular or Nocturnal
Although a few species will bite during the daylight
Do male and female Sand-flies eat the same thing?
No. Only females feed with blood (blood-sucking mouthparts present). Both male and female sand- flies feed on natural sources of sugar; plant juices.
Sand-fly wings are:
Hairy wings, characteristically held at an angle above the abdomen.
Sand-fly has what developmental part:
Egg – 4 larval stages – Pupa – Adult
Sand-flies are vectors of:
Mechanical and Biological vectors
Protozoa – Leishmania spp. (30 sand-fly spp.)
Viruses – Paptasi fever, vesicular stomatitis
Nematodes – Onchocerca spp.
Which take blood meals in family Tabanidae?
Only females
What is the genus name of deerflies?
Genus – Chrysops
Family - Tabanidae
Tsetse fly family name: (spelling!)
Glossinidae
Tsetse fly genus name:
Glossina
Correct spelling of Tsetse flies:
Glossina
When is the Tsetse fly active?
During day - Mostly in the day-light (diurnal)
Female Tsetse fly lays:
L3 - 3rd instar larval stage with polyneustic lobes
Where do Tsetse flies develop?
In ground
Fusca group – Forested habitats, rain, swamp, and man-grove forests
Palpalis group – Among vegetation around lakes and along rivers and streams
Morsitans group – Dry savannah habitats, scrub vegetation
Tsetse fly feeding:
Male and female adults are blood feeders.
Hippoboscidae feeding:
Male and female are blood feeders. Females are viviparous (=live birth; fully-grown L3)
Hippoboscidae are:
Larviparous / Vivparous
Keds are:
Larviparous / Vivparous
Forest flies, Louse flies, Flat flies, Tick flies, Keds (Hipposcidae)
Hippobosca equina - Horse ked
Hippobosca longipennis - dog ked
Lipoptena cervi - deer ked (looses its wings)
Melophagus ovirus - sheep ked
Hippoboscidae feeding:
Larviparous / Vivparous
Keds are:
Larviparous / Vivparous
Family of Louse fly (keds):
Hippoboscidae
Which fly species becomes wingless after a while?
Lipotena cervi (deer ked)
Which form do Forest flies lay?
Egg
What is sheep ked called? (spelling!)
Melophagus ovinus
Melophagus ovinus feeding:
Male and female adults blood feed on sheep.
Melophagus ovinus deposition:
L3 fully grown larvae is deposited on the fleece of sheep every 7-8 days.
Family Muscidae
- House fly - Musca domestica
- Lesser house fly - Fannia canicularis
- Stable fly (dog fly) - blood sucker M/F - Stomoxys calcitrans
- False stable fly - Muscina stabulans
- Face fly - facultative blood feeder - Musca autumnalis
- Horn fly - blood sucker M/F - Haematobia irritans
- Sheep head fly - Hydrotea irritans
Musca flies that likes the faeces of Pigs?
Musca domestica
What order does Fannia canicularis belong to?
Order: Diptera (flies)
Division: Cyclorrhapha
Which fly attack dairy Cattle on the legs?
Stomoxys calcitrans
Which fly bites the ears of Dogs?
Stomoxys calcitrans
Dog fly:
Stomoxys calcitrans. Also known as stable fly, barn fly, biting house fly, or power mower fly.
Which is the mechanical vector of Moraxella bovis (pink eye disease)?
Musca autumnalis (face fly). Also biological vector of Thelasia and Parafilaria spp.
What kind of vector can cause eye-worm infection in Cattle?
Face flies
Latin name of the most common fly species that infest grazing cattle?
Haematobia irritans – Horn fly
Define myiasis:
Infection with a fly larva, usually occurring in tropical and sub-tropical areas. There are several ways for flies to transmit their larvae to people.
Myiasis sensu stricto = Traumatic or Wound myiasis
Caused by spp. of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae
Myiasis sensu lato
Caused by spp. of Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Oestridae
Family: Calliphoridae (Blow-flies)
- Sheep blow-fly (facultative parasite – flystrike)
- Lucilia sericata
- New World Screw-worm fly
- Cochliomyia hominivorax
- Old World Screw-worm fly
- Chrysomya bezziana
- Tumbu fly (Africa)
- Cordylobia anthropophaga
What is English name of Calliphoridae?
Blow-flies
Calliphorid is:
Blow-fly
Sheep blowfly is called:
Lucilla sericata
L. sericata and a similar spp. L. cuprina, are known in Britain and Australia for causing sheep strike. As a result, L. sericata is sometimes called the sheep blow fly.
Common green-bottle fly latin name:
Lucilla sericata
Australian blow-fly:
Calliphora augur (lesser-brown blowfly, blue-bodied blow fly – endemic to Australia) Lucilla cuprina (Australian sheep blow-fly)
Family: Sarcophagidae (Flesh-flies)
- Mink, fox, humans – North America
- Wohlfahrtia vigil
- Wohlfahrt fly
- Wohlfahrtia magnifica
Sarchophagid flies:
Flesh flies
‘Gad’ caused by:
Hypoderma bovis
Elisa test is used to detect:
Hypoderma bovis
Detection of specific antibodies by ELISA – Hypodermin A B C – Proteolytic enzymes of first larvae
Genus of Heel fly (cattle grub):
Hypoderma genus – H. bovis and H. lineatum
Which fly lays eggs on the legs of a Horse?
Gastrophilus intestinalis (common bot fly)
The common bot-fly is called:
Gastrophilus intestinalis
What fly invades the tongue in the oral cavity?
Gastrophilinae (bot-flies)
First instar larvae penetrates the tongue, the inter-dental space of molar teeth, and buccal mucosa.
G. intestinalis, G. haemorrhoidalis, and G. pecorum cause:
‘Creeping eruption’ in skin of humans
This species can cause ‘false gid’ (incoordination, circle movement):
Oestrus
Name the Sheep nasal bot fly:
Oestrus ovis
What causes nasal myiasis in horse?
Rhinoestrus spp. (R. purpureus and R. usbekistanicus)
Goat warble fly scientific name:
Przhevalskiana silenus
Dermatobia hominis, who does it effect?
Particularly harmful for cattle.
But can infect also sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, other wild mammals, and also humans.
Dermatobia hominis occurs in:
Central and South America
This vector infests other insects:
Dermatobia hominis
Dermatobia hominis occurs in:
- Eggs - On other insects (mainly flies and mosquitoes)
- Larvae - In vector insect OR final host. Then burrow into final host’s skin, develop in sub-cutaneous tissue.
- Mature larvae - Pupate in soil
Which fly lies eggs on ecto-parasites?
Dermatobia hominis. Lays eggs on other insects (mainly flies and mosquitoes)
Flies that cause obligatory myiasis: MCQ
Crysomia bezziana
Wohlfahrtia magnifica
Cochliomyia hominivorax
Involves fly species whose larvae are always parasitic (screw-worms and bot-flies). They require a host for development.
Flies that cause facultative myiasis:
Lucilla cuprina (green-bottle fly) Involves larvae that can either be free living or parasitic. Opportunistic. Can switch between dead and living tissues. Adults attracted to open wounds. Blow-fly larvae
Where do mites belong?
Sub-phylum – Chelicerata Class – Arachnida
Mite life cycle:
Hemi-metamorphosis / Incomplete metamorphosis
Which is a: burrowing/non-burrowing
- Burrowing Mite: knemidokoptes, sarcoptes, notoedres
- Non-burrowing Mite: otodectes, psoroptes, chorioptes,
Which mite lives in deep burrows within the dermis?
Notoedres
Nasal mite. Spell correctly:
Pneumonyssoides caninum
Where in the world can you detect Trombidiidae? (red velvet mites)
Europe, Asia, North Africa, Australia, India, Palearctic ecozone
Life cycle of Mange mites:
Hemi-metamorphosis
Clinical signs of mange / scabies:
Alopecia, pruritis, dermatitis. Scabs / crusts.
Name the sub-order of Mange?
Order: Astigmata
Mite, clinical signs start on neck and face?
Sarcoptes spp. Sarcoptes – Head Notoedres – Head Knemidokoptes – Poultry Psoroptes – Back, ear Chorioptes – Leg, tail Otodectes – Ear
species & type of mange
- Horse - 3 = Sarcoptic – Psoroptic – Chorioptic
- Cow - 3 = Sarcoptic – Psoroptic – Chorioptic
- Sheep - 3 = Sarcoptic – Psoroptic – Chorioptic
- Goat - 3 = Sarcoptic – Psoroptic – Chorioptic
- Pig - 1 = Sarcoptic
Dog - 2 = Sarcoptic – Otodectic - Cat - 2 = Notoedric – Otodectic
- Rabbit - 1 = Psoroptic
- Poultry - 1 = Knemidokoptic
- Scabies of Humans - 1 = Sarcoptic
Mange of Horse
Sarcoptic mange Psoroptic mange Chorioptic mange
S. scabei var equi P. equi + P. cuniculi C. bovis (foot)
Choroptes mange effects Horses’:
Limbs
Treatment of mange in Horse?
Moxidectin
How many types of mange infect Horses?
3 types of mange BUT 4 spp.
Mange of Cattle
Sarcoptic mange - S. scabiei var bovis
Psoroptic mange - P. ovis
Chorioptic mange - C. texanus (tail)
Chorioptes mange effects Cow’s:
tail
Mange of Sheep
Sarcoptic mange - S. scabiei var ovis
Psoroptic mange - P. ovis
Chorioptic mange - C. bovis
Chorioptes mange effect Sheep’:
foot
Treatment of Sheep mange:
Plunge-dipping
Injectable endectocides e.g. Ivermectin. At least 2 treatments with 7 day intervals.
Mange of Goat
S. scabiei var caprae (head)
P. cuniculi (ear) (limited to pinna and the ear base)
S. bovis (foot)
Mange of Pig
Sarcoptic mange
S. scabiei var suis
Forms of sarcoptic mange in Pig:
Hyper-sensitive form – No mites in skin scrapings. Hence, serological detection (ELISA kits) Chronical form – Few animals (mainly sows and boars). Lots of mites can be found in skin scrapings.
Treatment of mange in Pig:
Ivermectin as an injection or feed additive
Mange of Dog
Sarcoptic mange S. scabiei var canis
Otodectic mange O. cynotis (ear)
Forms of mange in Dog:
- Acute or Hyper-sensitive form
- Chronic or ‘Norwegian form’
- Scabiesincognita
Acute mange in Dogs, clinical signs:
On the margins of ears, muzzle, lateral elbows, and hocks.
Acute mange in Dogs, initial lesions:
Erythema with papules – Crust formation – Alopecia – Intense pruritis
Severe form of sarcoptic mange in Dogs known as:
‘Crusted scabies’
Acute mange in Dogs, diagnosis:
Skin scrapings – Sensitivity low as 20%. No mites found in 20-65% of affected animals! ELISA kits – Detection of specific antibodies.
In acute mange of Dogs, how can you detect it?
Both skin scraping and ELISA
Mange in Dogs zoonotic?
True. Normally self-limiting, highly pruritic.
Mange of Cat
Notoedric mange - N. cati (head)
Otodectic mange - O. cynotis (ear)
Where does Notoedres cati start?
Medial edge of the ear pinna. Intense pruritis. Very contagious.
Notoedres cati (head) common in:
Stray cats, especially males are more often infested.
Otodectes cynotis (ear) common in:
Ear mange is very common in cats. From dams to their kittens, via contaminated combs, burses,
bedding, and grooming accessories, eggs may also be transported by fleas.
Otodectes cynotis (ear) pathogenesis:
Mites usually in external ear canal, close to ear-drum. Usually present with secondary bacterial and fungal infections (Staphylococcus and Malassezia spp.) Thickening of the upper layers of epidermis. 75% of affected cats have bilateral involvement.
Clinical signs in mange of Cats:
Intense ear(s) scratching and head shaking.
Infestation of the fore-legs.
Audito-podal reflex – When massaging base of ear.
Abundant wax and crust in ear canal.
Treatment of mange in Cats:
Thoroughly clean the ear canal before any topical application.
Twice weekly for 6-8 weeks, even when remission is observed after 2 to 3 weeks. Do not use Amitraz!
Do not use Ivermectin in kittens under 6 weeks and those in poor body condition.
Use Ivermectin and Doramectin off-label in cats.
Consider Cats’ sensitivity to – Organo-chlorines, organo-phosphates, Carbamates, and Pyrethroids (in Dog anti-flea!)
Mange of Cats, zoonotic?
True – Otodectes cynotis might have a zoonotic potential when humans have close contact with
infested animals.
Ivermectin is contraindicated in Cats under 6 weeks of age:
True
Treatment mange in cat?
Ivermectin, Doramectin
You noticed a flattened insect crawling on the chest fur of a cat. You can also detect something white on the hair shafts. Which parasite is it? (?)
Notoedres
Mange of Rabbit
Psoroptic – P. cuniculi (‘ear canker’)
Most common mites in Rabbits:
Psoroptes cuniculi (ear mite – mange – ‘ear canker’) Cheyletiella parasitovorax and Listophorus gibbus (fur mites)
Mange of Poultry
Knemidokoptes gallinae – Depluming itch
Knemidokoptes mutans – Scaly leg
Knemidokoptes pliae – Scaly face, Tassel foot
Scaly leg due to:
Knemidokoptes mutans
The body part that K. mutans affects:
Legs
The disease caused by:
K .mutans: “scaly leg”
K. gallinae: “delumping itch”
K. pliae: “scaly face”, “tassel foot”
Scabies of Humans
Sarcoptic mange - S. scabei (hyper-keratotic or Norwegian form)
Which of these can infest Humans? MCQ
Sarcoptei scabei Ctenocephalides felis
What treatment is effective against mange?
- Sheep – Plunge dipping, injectable endectocides e.g. Ivermectin
- Pig – Several endectocides e.g. Ivermectin as an injection or feed additive
- Cat – Advocate (Imidacloprod + Moxidectin) or Dectomax (Doramectin) or Ivomec (Icermectin, NOT in kittens under 6 weeks!) or Stronghold (Selamectin)
Ivermectin is contraindicated in Cats under 6 weeks of age:
true
The life cycle of Demodex mites:
Hemi-metamorphosis
Which spp. has 2 types of Demodicosis?
- Horse: Pustular and Squamous form
- Cattle
First signs of Demodicosis in Horse?
Head (face, neck and shoulders)
How many Demodex species does the horse have?
2 Demodex spp.
Who has two forms of Demodex?
Horse: Pustular and Squamous
Which is not useful in Horses against Demodex spp.?
Amitraz – Poisonous!
Use Pyrethroids, Doramectin
What drug is not effective against Demodex spp. in Horse?
Fenbendazole, Amitraz
Which Demodex spp. is not in ruminants?
Demodex gatoi (in cats)
Which animal have two forms of Demodicosis?
Cattle
There may be yellowish, dry materials on the skin of preputial and vulvar region, and it is caused by Demodex mites of:
Sheep
Which Demodex spp. is not in small ruminants?
Demodex gatoi
Demodex mites can cause nodules about 1-2 cm in diameter in:
goat
Which Demodex species belongs to the Pig?
Demodex phylloides
How many Demodex spp. in Dog?
2 spp. of Demodex – D. injai, D. cornei
6 types of Demodicosis - Localised, Alopecic, Generalised, Pro-demodicosis, Demodectic podo- dermatitis and Demodectic otacariosis
Many dogs are asymptomatic carrier for life! Immune factors play a large role in the occurrence of clinical signs.
Alopecic Demodicosis in Dogs:
Erythema = ‘Red mange’. Initially non-pruritic.
Generalised or Pustular Demodicosis in Dogs:
Develops from localized form in 90% of cases. Secondary bacterial infestation (Staphylococcus pseudointermedius). Pruritus seen.
Demodectic otacariosis in Dogs:
Bilateral. Frequently combined with Malassezia + Bacteria
Treatment of Demodicosis in Dogs:
Against mites – Amitraz, Ivermectin, Milbemicin-oxim Antibiotic therapy – Cephalosporin or Enrofloxacin Contraindicated – Immuno-suppressive drugs!
Which Demodex species belongs to the Cat?
Demodex gatoi
Which species is infected by Demodex gatoi?
Felidae
Which Demodex is not in ruminants?
Demodex gatoi (in cats)
Demodex gatoi infests:
None of these – Cats
How many Demodex spp. in cat?
2 spp. of Demodex - D. cati and D. gatoi
1 type of Demodicosis (general very rare) – Generalized
Demodex gatoi in Cats:
Little is known of the occurrence and control in Europe.
Occurs in the keratin layer of the epidermis – Pruritic and contagious disease.
Some sensitized cats may have severe pruritus – Only a few mites.
Treatment of Demodex infection in Cat:
Amitraz (not licensed for feline)
Ivermectin
Soft ticks family:
Family Argasidae
Soft tick species of Pigeons:
Argas reflexus – European pigeon tick – Vector of Borrelia anserine
Which tick causes Lyme disease (due to Borrelia burgdoerfi bacteria) in Europe?
Argas reflexus
Spinose ear tick:
Otobius megnini
Nymphs of Otobius megnini feed where:
External ear canal. Only the larvae (hexapod) and nymph are parasitic, remaining on their hosts for
many months while they are taking blood meals. Adult does not feed.
Otobius is what?
Soft tick
Hard ticks family:
Family Ixodidae
Which tick is nidicolous (=endophilic)?
Ixodes hexagonus
Which tick is non-nidicolous (=exophilic)?
Ixodes ricinus
Ticks which transmit large Babesia in Cattle?
Ixodes ricinus
Tick that transmits Babesia canis?
Dermacentor reticulatus
How many Dermacentor spp. in Horse?
1 spp. – Dermacentor reticulatus
Brown dog tick / Kennel tick: (spelling!)
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Name of a Tick vaccine:
Tickguard, Gavac – Rh. Microplus
What kind of fleas can the urban dog have? MCQ
Ctenocephalides canis
Ctenocephalides felis
Pulex irritans
Ceratophyllus gallinae
Military dermatitis seen in:
Cat. Small crusts on the skin. First lesion on head and neck.
Stages of fleas:
Egg - In dark, dirty places - Negative phototrophic.
Positive geotropic - Adult In light, clean places- Positive phototrophic. - Negative geotropic
The Cat flea has very strong host specificity?
False
In Europe, C. felis felis is the dominants species and is often recovered in more than 90% of cases on cats and dogs.
Fleas are not host specific. Ctenocephalides felis – About 50 host species!
Cat fleas infest Dogs very rarely?
False - Fleas are non-host specific.
Life cycle of Fleas is epi-morphosis?
False - (holo)metamorphosis (egg - 3 larval stage – pupa - adult)
Flea larvae can occur in the environment?
true
Treatment against Flea larvae:
Methoprene - Immature stages should be controlled in the environment with IGRs like Methoprene, Lufenuron, Diflubenzuron
Lice (order Phthiraptera)
- Chewing / biting lice - Amblycera - Ischnocera
- Blood-sucking lice - Anoplura - Rhyncophthirina
How long can lice survive away from host?
Blood-sucking lice – Survive for only 4-7 days off their hosts exception L. stenopsis
Chewing lice – Survive for 2-4 weeks away from hosts
How long does a sheep louse live?
1 to 5 months (chewing lice)
Lice life-cycle:
Epi-morphosis / Hemi-metabolic / Gradual metamorphosis
This species has both a blood sucking and chewing lice:
Dog, Horse, Goat
Which host species doesn’t have blood sucking lice?
Cat and Bird
‘Sheep foot louse’ name:
Linognathus pedalis
Which has 1 chewing and 1 blood sucking louse?
Horse Werneckiella equi (chewing) and Haematopinus asini (blood-sucking)
Cow with loss of hair on tail. Due to:
Haemotopinus quadripertusus – The cattle tail of louse
Tongue-worm: (spelling!)
Linguatula serrata. Zoonotic!
Tongue-worm:
Indirect life-cycle (i.e. use intermediate hosts, mainly cattle, to complete the life-cycle)
The life cycle of the tongue-worm is:
With an Intermediate host
Does tongue-worm have an intermediate host?
Yes. Sheep, cattle, or rodents.
The tongue-worm of dogs belongs to:
Arthropoda
The tongue-worm belongs to: (spelling!)
Pentastomida
Which order do tongue-worms belong to?
Order: Pentastomida
The closest relationship of tongue-worm is to:
Crustacean
Phylum: Arthropoda Order: Pentastomida
The tongue-worm is not a helminth (i.e. true worm), but a crustacean like shrimps, crabs, etc.
The tongue-worm of dog is:
Obligate Heteroxenous
Tongue-worm:
Obligate
Tongue-worm:
Heteroxenous
Domestic and wild animals (inc. cattle, sheep, etc.) and humans as intermediate hosts.
The females of tongue-worm of dogs lay down:
Eggs
How can dogs be infected with tongue-worm?
By eating infested viscera
Dogs and occasionally cats become infected after eating contaminated organs of infected intermediate hosts. In contrast with this, livestock becomes infected only after eating eggs that contaminate pastures or infected water.
The site of PE1 of the tongue-worm?
Lungs and liver
Larvae hatch in the gut, burrow through the gut’s wall and migrate to various organs (e.g. liver, lungs, ln, eyes)
Can linguatulosis occur in horses’ nasal cavity?
False
Linguata affects herbivores:
True
Mainly asymptomatic. May develop clinical signs according to affected organs.
Cheyletiella blakei in Dog?
False. In cats only.
Most common mites in Rabbits:
Psoroptes cuniculi (ear mite)
Cheyletiella parasitovorax and Listophorus gibbus (fur mites)
Another name for Cheylitiella?
Walking dandruff
Lifecycle of Dermanyssus gallinae?
1-2 weeks
Name of nasal mite in Dog? (spelling!)
Pneumonyssioides caninum
Nasal mite is:
Viviparus
