environmental and occupational

Question 1

What are the steps in an environmental risk assessment?

Answer 1

Hazard identification
Dose response
Exposure assessment
Risk characterization

Question 2

What is the radiation limit for occupational exposures

Answer 2

5 rem

Question 3

Hazard Identification

Answer 3

Step in environmental risk assessment where hazards of chemicals affects in humans and animals is determined

Question 4

Dose - response

Answer 4

Step in environmental risk assessment that uses hazards identified in the previous step and determines the relationship between the dose and severity

Question 5

Exposure assessment

Answer 5

Step in environmental risk assessment that identifies how much of the hazard, a population is exposed to.

Question 6

Risk characterization

Answer 6

Step in environmental risk assessment that determines the risk in the exposed population

Question 7

What is the effect of Infrared light on eye

Answer 7

Can cause retinal and corneal burns.
Exposures can go undetected because the retina lack pain sensation and vision symptoms occur only after severe damage

Question 8

What is the effect of UVA and UVB on the eye

Answer 8

Photochemical cataracts and photo keratitis, and macular degeneration.

Question 9

What is the effect of high energy visible light on the eye

Answer 9

Slow damage leasing to macular degeneration and loss of central vision

Question 10

Arsenic ( source, symptoms, treatment

Answer 10

wells or rice
acute: NV, bloody D, muscle cramps.
Chronic: CA kidney, lung, bladder, skin; neuropathy; HTN

Question 11

Which chemicals are considers mid spectrum agents

Answer 11

Chemical toxin produced by a biological organizm; ricin, botulism; t-2 mycotoxin

Question 12

What are binary chemical weapons

Answer 12

munitions that hold 2 immediate precursors to a chemical agent in a separate compartments. Agents are separated by a membrane that ruptures to allow the precursors to mix in flight when launched

Question 13

Emergency eyewash station

Answer 13

Attached to building plumbing
temp – 60 -105 F
Pressure 30 psi

Question 14

Vinyl chloride source and disease

Answer 14

material use in plastic products; processing plants, landfills, and hazardous waste
Hepatic angiosarcoma

Question 15

Benzene Exposure source and disease

Answer 15

Hydrocarbon AML, necrotizing chemical pneumonitis, liquid pneumonia, and hemorrhagic pulmonary edema

Question 16

Asbestos

Answer 16

Mesothelioma

Question 17

Who is at the highest risk for heat related illness or injury

Answer 17

chronic mental disorders
midwest and NE illness and death likely to increase

Question 18

Chloroflurocarbon gas. Source; effect

Answer 18

refridgerators, increased UV radiation and skin cancer. Decrease Ozone layer

Question 19

What percent of childhood asthma is attributed to air quality

Answer 19

30%

Question 20

What percent of childhood cancers are attributed to the environment

Answer 20

5%

Question 21

What percent of childhood neurobehavioral disorders are environmentally attributable

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

Radiation effects at rads:
10
acute 2000
>1000
>2000

Answer 22

nothing… maybe slightly increased cancer risk
death
GI symptoms
Meningitis

Question 23

Noise exposure hearing loss

Answer 23

occurs with age
worsened by exposure to load noises
causesmetabolic overload

Question 24

Hyperacusis

Answer 24

pain
Occurs with short blast of noise
range 120 -155

Question 25

Who sets standards and guidelines for noise exposures at work

Answer 25

OHSA

Question 26

What are the noise regulations for works

Answer 26

noise >85 dB must have hearing protection and be enrolled in hearing conservation program exposure of 100 dB is limited to 2 hrs.

Question 27

Silicosis

Answer 27

Sand blasting

Question 28

cyanide source, disease, symptoms

Answer 28

has, elevated lactate, anion gap, metabolic acidosis, and decreased AV oxygen gradient

Question 28

Cadmium source, disease

Answer 28

household waste, mining, soil kidny and bone disease. maybe emphysema and lung cancer

Question 29

pyrethroids

Answer 29

Farming; functional change in the NA channels that causes agitation, seizures, and cancer.

Question 30

Organophosphates mechanism of disease, symptoms

Answer 30

farmers,, inhibit acetylcholinesterase,

Question 31

Carbamates

Answer 31

inhibit acetylcholinesterase

Question 32

How much flouride should be in the drinking water

Answer 32

0.7 ppm

Question 33

Toxic substance control act

Answer 33

passed in 1976 empowers the EPA authority to test for chemical

Question 34

Ammonia

Answer 34

Primarily used in fertilizers. strong odor. may be fatal if inhaled. Can cause corosive injuries

Question 35

What is the most common source of ionizing radiation in the US what is the second and third most common

Answer 35

Radon, nuclear , xray

Question 36

What are the steps in drinking water treatment

Answer 36

Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection

Question 37

How long before an employer has to report a fatality to OSHA

Answer 37

8 hours

Question 38

What health risk has the highest association with abstenteeism at work

Answer 38

high BMI

Question 39

Carpel tunnel

Answer 39

tingling in palm of hands and fingers. thumb to third fingers. Thenar, but not hypothenar eminence.

Question 40

What is the most common cause of occupationally associated lower back pain

Answer 40

unknown

Question 41

Who sets the reccomended exposure limits

Answer 41

NIOSH

Question 42

Who enforces the permisible exposure limits

Answer 42

OSHA

Question 43

Who sets standards for criteria air pollutants and maximum contaminant levels for drinking water

Answer 43

EPA

Question 44

What kind of radiation does uranium emit and what does it cause.

Answer 44

The decay product is radon. It emits alpha radiation and increases the risk of lung cancer

Question 45

What is the best way to change shift work

Answer 45

go progressively from day to evening to night. We tolerate forward progressing shifts better than backwards or longers or random

Question 46

What is the type of gas that forms from a substance normally solid or liquid at room temp.

Answer 46

Vapor