Environmental Science - Ch 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Any material that has mass and occupies space (Solid, liquid, gas)

Question 2

Chemistry

Answer 2

The study of the way matter interacts

Question 3

Law of Conservation of Matter

Answer 3

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be changed in form.

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

A chemical substance with a set of properties that cannot be broken down into other substances with other properties

Question 5

How many known elements exist?

Answer 5

118

Question 6

Of those elements, how many of them are naturally occurring elements?

Answer 6

94

Question 7

What are the five most common elements?

Answer 7

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Silicon, Nitrogen

Question 8

Atoms

Answer 8

Smallest units that maintain the chemical properties of the element

Question 9

Protons

Answer 9

Positively charged particles

Question 10

Electrons

Answer 10

Negatively charged particles

Question 11

Neutrons

Answer 11

Particles with no charge

Question 12

Atomic Number

Answer 12

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 13

What is Silicon’s atomic number?

Answer 13

14

Question 14

Atomic Mass Number

Answer 14

The total number of protons and neutrons

Question 15

Isotope

Answer 15

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Will have a different atomic mass number.

Question 16

Radioisotope

Answer 16

A heavy isotope that tends to be unstable before decomposing to a more stable isotope

Question 17

Radioactivity

Answer 17

Process of spontaneous atomic decay

Question 18

Molecule

Answer 18

Two or more like atoms combined chemically

Question 19

Compound

Answer 19

Two or more different atoms combined chemically

Question 20

Half Life

Answer 20

The amount of time it takes for 1/2 of a radioisotope to decay

Question 21

Ions

Answer 21

Electrically charged atoms or combinations of atoms

Question 22

Covalent Bond

Answer 22

When electrons are shared between atoms

Question 23

What is this?
H
\
O-O
\
H

Answer 23

Hydrogen Peroxide

Question 24

Ionic Bond

Answer 24

When electrons are shared unequally between atoms

Question 25

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 25

Occurs when hydrogen is attracted to the negative end of a different molecule

Question 26

Organic Compounds

Answer 26

Contain carbon and are mostly covalently bonded

Question 27

Example of an Organic Compound

Answer 27

Glucose (C6H12O6)

Question 28

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 28

Lack carbon and tend to be simpler

Question 29

Example of an Inorganic Compound

Answer 29

Water (H2O)

Question 30

What is the most abundant inorganic compound?

Answer 30

Water (H2O)

Question 31

What elements do Carbohydrates and lipids contain?

Answer 31

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 32

Nucleic Acids

Answer 32

Direct the production of proteins

Question 33

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) AND Ribonucleic Acid

Answer 33

Carry hereditary information for organisms and are responsible for passing traits from parents to offspring

Question 34

Genes

Answer 34

Regions of DNA coding for particular proteins that perform particular functions

Question 35

pH Scale

Answer 35

Measures how acidic or basic a solution is

Question 36

What is the midpoint on the pH scale?

Answer 36

7

Question 37

Energy

Answer 37

The capacity to change the position, composition, or temperature of matter

Question 38

Work

Answer 38

When a force acts on an object, causing it to move

Question 39

Potential Energy

Answer 39

Energy at rest

Question 40

Kinetic Energy

Answer 40

Energy in motion

Question 41

Thermodynamics

Answer 41

The study of the relationships between different forms of energy

Question 42

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 42

Energy cannot be destroyed. It can only be changed in form

Question 43

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 43

Energy tends to change from a more ordered state to a less ordered state as it changes form

Question 44

Autotrophs/Primary Producers

Answer 44

Use the sun's radiation to produce their own food through photosynthesis

Question 45

What is one example of an autotroph?

Answer 45

Algae, Plants, Certain Bacteria

Question 46

Photosynthesis

Answer 46

Process where light energy is converted into chemical energy

Question 47

Heterotrophs

Answer 47

Obtain energy by feeding on other organisms

Question 48

Core

Answer 48

Earth's center

Question 49

Mantle

Answer 49

Surrounds the core, thick layer of less dense, elastic rock

Question 50

Geology

Answer 50

The study of Earth's physical features, processes, and history

Question 51

Asthenosphere

Answer 51

Area of the upper mantle with especially soft rock

Question 52

Lithosphere

Answer 52

Contains the uppermost mantle and crust

Question 53

Crust

Answer 53

Thin, brittle, low - density layer of rock that covers the entire surface

Question 54

Plate Tectonics

Answer 54

Movement by large plates in the lithosphere

Question 55

How many plates does the Earth's crust consist of?

Answer 55

15

Question 56

Pangea

Answer 56

The continents were one large land mass that broke up

Question 57

Divergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 57

Plates move apart as magma rises to the surface and cools

Question 58

Transform Plate Boundaries

Answer 58

Plates slip and grind alongside each other

Question 59

Subduction

Answer 59

Oceanic crust diving downward

Question 60

Continental Collision

Answer 60

Mountain ranges form

Question 61

Rock

Answer 61

Any solid aggregation of minerals