Environmental Science - Ch 4

Question 1

Intraspecific Competition

Answer 1

Takes place between members of the same species

Question 2

Interspecific Competition

Answer 2

Takes place between members of different species

Question 3

Competitive Exclusion

Answer 3

If one species is the better competitor, it may keep other species from the resources

Question 4

Species Coexistence

Answer 4

If all species are at roughly the same level of competition they will live side by side

Question 5

Niche

Answer 5

The role a species plays within its ecosystem

Question 6

Fundamental Niche

Answer 6

The full potential niche of a species in the ecosystem

Question 7

Resource Partitioning

Answer 7

Individuals use shared resources in different ways

Question 8

Character Displacement

Answer 8

Competing species develop different characteristics

Question 9

Predation

Answer 9

The predator hunts and consumes the prey

Question 10

Parasitism

Answer 10

The parasite depends on the host for nourishment or other benefit while not harming the host

Question 11

Parasitoids

Answer 11

Insects who parasitize other insects, killing them in the process

Question 12

Pathogens

Answer 12

Parasites that cause disease

Question 13

Examples of Pathogens

Answer 13

Protists, Bacteria, Viruses

Question 14

Coevolution

Answer 14

Parasites and hosts are locked into an “evolutionary arms race” as they each respond to each other’s adaptations to the parasite/host relationship

Question 15

Herbivory

Answer 15

Animals feed on plants

Question 16

Mutualism

Answer 16

Interaction where two or more species benefit from each other

Question 17

Symbiosis

Answer 17

Close, physical relationship between two species

Question 18

Pollination

Answer 18

Birds or insects transfer pollen from flower to flower

Question 19

Community

Answer 19

Collection of population of organisms living in the same area at the same time

Question 20

Community Ecologists

Answer 20

Study which species coexist, how they interact, and how the communities change over time

Question 21

Trophic Level

Answer 21

The position an organism occupies in the food chain/web, based on what it eats or what eats it

Question 22

Energy Pyramid (From Bottom to Top)

Answer 22

Primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, apex predators

Question 23

Primary Producers

Answer 23

Mostly plants

Question 24

Primary Consumers

Answer 24

Herbivores

Question 25

Secondary Consumers

Answer 25

Feed on primary consumers

Question 26

Tertiary Consumers

Answer 26

Feed on secondary consumers

Question 27

Detritivores

Answer 27

Feed on waste and dead bodies

Question 28

Decomposers

Answer 28

Break down nonliving matter to nutrients in the soil

Question 29

Food Chain

Answer 29

The flow of energy and feeding relationships from lower to higher trophic levels

Question 30

Food Webs

Answer 30

Show feeding relationships and energy flow within communities

Question 31

Keystone Species

Answer 31

A species that has an impact far greater than its abundance

Question 32

Ecosystem Engineers

Answer 32

Physically alter ecosystems

Question 33

Top Predators

Answer 33

Control populations of lower trophic level consumers

Question 34

Trophic Cascade

Answer 34

If top predators are lost, primary consumers will over consume producers and alter the ecosystem

Question 35

Disturbance

Answer 35

Any event that has rapid and drastic effects on the community and ecosystem

Question 36

Resistance

Answer 36

A community that resists change caused by the disturbance and remains stable

Question 37

Resilience

Answer 37

A community that is changed by the disturbance but returns to its original state

Question 38

Succession

Answer 38

Happens when a severe disturbance eliminates all or many of the species in a population

Question 39

Primary Succession

Answer 39

Happens when a disturbance is so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains, forcing the community to start over

Question 40

Invasive Species

Question 41

Eradication

Answer 41

Total elimination of the population

Question 42

Control

Answer 42

Limiting population growth by trapping, treating with pesticides and other techniques

Question 43

Prevention

Answer 43

Keeping invasive species away from areas they haven't yet colonized

Question 44

Restoration Ecologists

Answer 44

Devise ways to restore altered habitats to their condition before human intervention

Question 45

Ecological Restoration

Answer 45

Aims to restore the functionality of an ecosystem OR return a community to pre - settlement conditions

Question 46

Biome

Answer 46

A regional complex of similar communities

Question 47

How Many Biomes Does Earth Have?

Answer 47

10

Question 48

Temperate Deciduous Forests

Answer 48

Found at midlatitudes, precipitation is similar throughout the year

Question 49

Where Are Temperate Deciduous Forests Found?

Answer 49

Eastern US, Canada, Europe, China, and Japan

Question 50

Temperate Grasslands

Answer 50

Seasonal temperature differences are more pronounced, while rainfall is diminished.

Question 51

Where Are Temperate Grasslands Found?

Answer 51

Interior of North America, Eurasia, South America, southern Africa

Question 52

Temperate Rainforests

Answer 52

Found in the midlatitudes with mild winters, moderate summers, and abundant rainfall

Question 53

Where Are Temperate Rainforests Found?

Answer 53

Pacific Northwest, west coast of Chile, southeastern Australia

Question 54

Tropical Rainforests

Answer 54

Have dark, damp interiors with lush vegetation and highly diverse communities

Question 55

What is the One Continent Without a Tropical Rainforest?

Answer 55

Antarctica

Question 56

Tropical Dry Forests

Answer 56

Have consistently warm temperatures with wet and dry seasons that each occupy about half of the year

Question 57

Where are Tropical Dry Forests Found?

Answer 57

Central and South America, large areas of Africa, and Indo - Asia Pacific

Question 58

Savannas

Answer 58

Tropical grasslands with distinct wet and dry seasons

Question 59

Where are Savannas Found?

Answer 59

Parts of Africa, Australia, and India

Question 60

What is the Driest Biome?

Answer 60

Deserts