enzyme

Question 1

He coined the term “enzyme” in 1878

Answer 1

Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhne

Question 2

“biological catalysts” that had previously been called

Answer 2

ferments

Question 3

 The word itself means ‘in yeast’ from the Greek word ___
“en” means in “zyme” means ___ or ___

Answer 3

enzymos
yeast or leaven

Question 4

who prepared malt extract from germinating barley seeds

Answer 4

Dubrunfaut

Question 5

___ and ____prepared an enzyme, the diastase (now knows as ___) from malt extract.

Answer 5

Payen and persoz
amylase

Question 6

He prepared a substance from germinating wheat, which acted like diastase

Answer 6

Horace de Saussure

Question 7

He succeeded in extracting pepsin and later trypsin

Answer 7

Theodor Schwann

Question 8

He was recognized with remarkable foresight the catalytic nature

Answer 8

Jõnes Jacob Berzelius

Question 9

He demonstrated that alcoholic fermentation was brought about by the action of living yeast cells

Answer 9

Pasteur

Question 10

at Cornell University, isolated and purified an enzyme, the urease, from jack bean (canavalia ensiformis ), thus confirming the proteinaceous nature of the enzymes

Answer 10

James B. Sumner

Question 11

The human body makes approx. ___ digestive enzymes.

Answer 11

22

Question 12

 It is a protein molecule that functions as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Answer 12

Enzyme

Question 13

 Speeds up chemical reactions. They catalyse nearly all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of the body.

Answer 13

Biological Catalysts

Question 14

Used in multiple reactions. It can not be altered or consumed during the reaction. They remain unchanged after each reaction and can therefore be reused.

Answer 14

Reusable

Question 15

 One type of enzyme for one type of reaction.

Answer 15

Specific

Question 16

 Each enzyme is characterized by a code no. called Enzyme Code no. or EC number and contain four figures (digits) separated by a dot.

Answer 16

Systemic Name

Question 17

 The molecules that bind to the enzyme are called

Answer 17

substrates

Question 18

The location where they bind (sit down) is called the

Answer 18

Active Site

Question 19

Lock-and-Key Model
 Proposed by

Answer 19

Emil Fischer in 1894

Question 20

Induced-Fit Model
 Proposed by _____

 The active site is flexible, not rigid.
 The shapes of the enzyme, active site, and substrate adjust to maximize the fit, which improves catalysis.
 There is a greater range of substrate specificity.

Answer 20

Danial Kosh Lan in 1958

Question 21

Occur when molecules interact and chemical bonds between them are formed or broken.

Answer 21

Chemical Reactions

Question 22

 The ___ or ___ a measurement of how fast a reaction occurs.

Answer 22

rate of reaction or reaction rate

Question 23

 It is the energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

Answer 23

Activation Energy

Question 24

 the change of folding structure of a protein (and thus of physical properties) caused by heating, changes in pH, or exposure to certain chemicals

Answer 24

Denaturation

Question 25

 It is an increase in the rate of reaction with the help of enzyme (as catalyst)

Answer 25

Enzyme Catalysis

Question 26

 is one of the simplest and best-known models of enzyme kinetics. It is named after ___ and ___. This model is based on the single substrate reaction:

Answer 26

Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten Michaelis-Menten kinetics

Question 27

substances which alter the catalytic action of the enzyme and consequently slow down, or in some cases, stop catalysis. This effect may be permanent or temporary

Answer 27

Inhibitors

Question 28

 An inhibitor may bind to an enzyme and block binding of the substrate, for example, by attaching to the active site. The inhibitor “competes” with the substrate for the enzyme. That is, only the inhibitor or the substrate can be bound at a given moment.  Chemicals that resemble an enzyme’s normal substrate and compete with it for the active site.  Reversible depending on concentration of inhibitor and substrate.

Answer 28

Competitive Inhibitor

Question 29

 An inhibitor that doesn't block the substrate from binding to the active site. Instead, it attaches at another site called “allosteric site” and blocks the enzyme from doing its job. This inhibition is said to be "noncompetitive" because the inhibitor and substrate can both be bound at the same time.  Do not enter active site, but bind to another part of the enzyme, causing the enzyme & active site to change shape.  Usually reversible, depending on concentration of inhibitor & substrate.

Answer 29

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 30

, is just any form of regulation where the regulatory molecule (an activator or inhibitor) binds to an enzyme someplace other than the active site. The place where the regulator binds is called the ____

Answer 30

Allosteric Regulation allosteric site

Question 31

decrease the activity of an enzyme

Answer 31

Inhibitors

Question 32

increase the activity of an enzyme

Answer 32

Activators

Question 33

Other enzymes contain a nonprotein component called a _____ that is necessary for the enzyme’s proper functioning. There are two types of cofactors: inorganic ions [e.g., zinc or Cu(I) ions] and organic molecules known as ______.

Answer 33

cofactor coenzymes

Question 34

prepares the active site for catalytic activity.

Answer 34

Coenzyme