Metabolic Pathways

Question 1

Essential macromolecules in the human body, playing a crucial role in various biological processes.

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

Essential macromolecules in the human body, playing a crucial role in various biological processes.

Answer 2

Prtoeins

Question 3

Metabolism of proteins involves the

Answer 3

synthesis (anabolism)
breakdown (catabolism)

Question 4

essential for maintaining overall health, and disruptions in this process can lead to various diseases

Answer 4

Protein metabolism

Question 5

Involves the creation of new proteins from individual amino acids.

Answer 5

Protein synthesis

Question 6

protein synthesis occurs in 2 main steps

Answer 6

Transcription
Translation

Question 7

process of copying genetic information from DNA into RNA, not the transcription of proteins themselves

Answer 7

Transcription

Question 8

First step in protein synthesis and involves rhe conversion of the genetic information encoded in DNA into a complementary RNA molecule, known as messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 8

Transcription

Question 9

in the cell nucleus, DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme?

Answer 9

RNA polymerase

Question 10

carries the genetic code for a specific protein

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

This process takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells such as bacteria

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

indicates where transcription should start

Answer 12

Promoter region

Question 13

transcription begins with the binding of RNA polymerase, an enzyme, to a specific region of the DNA known as the promoter

Answer 13

initiation

Question 14

Once RNA polymerase is bound to the promoter, it unwinds a short segment of the DNA double helix, exposing the DNA bases

Answer 14

Elongation

Question 15

Transcription continues until the RNA polymerase encounters a signal in the DNA sequence

Answer 15

Termination

Question 16

Process by which genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA

Answer 16

Transcription

Question 17

Process by which the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to synthesize a protein.

Answer 17

Translation

Question 18

Translation process takes place at the ___ in the ____ of a cell and is a crucial step in the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein

Answer 18

Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

Question 19

3 stages of translation

Answer 19

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 20

a highly regulated process, and various factors, including initiation factors and ribosome-associated proteins, help ensure the accuracy and efficiency of protein synthesis

Answer 20

Translation

Question 21

Process by which proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acid

Answer 21

Catabolism

Question 22

process occurs primarily in the liver and involves several steps, including proteolysis and deamination

Answer 22

Catabolism

Question 23

Proteins are broken down into peptides and smaller protein fragments by enzymes called proteases

Answer 23

proteolysis

Question 24

tightly regulated to maintain cellular homeostasis and ensure proper protein function

Answer 24

proteolysis

Question 25

proteolysis is carried out by enzymes called

Answer 25

proteases or peptidases

Question 26

Chemical bonds that link amino acids together in a protein

Answer 26

proteases and peptidases

Question 27

classified into several categories based on their mechanism of action and specificity

Answer 27

Proteases

Question 28

occurs within the cells and plays a role in protein turnover, regulation ofncellular processes, and the removal of damaged or misfolded proteins

Answer 28

Intracellular proteolysis

Question 29

occurs outside of cells and is involved in various physiological processes, such as digestion, blood clotting, and tissue remodeling

Answer 29

Extracellular proteolysis

Question 30

a cellular organelle responsible for the degradation of specific proteins tagged with ubiquitin

Answer 30

proteosome

Question 31

process of degradation of specific protein in proteasomal degradation tagged with ubiquitin is known as

Answer 31

ubiquitin-proteasome degradation

Question 32

membrane bound organelles containing enzymes called lysosomal proteases

Answer 32

lysosomes

Question 33

responsible for breaking down cellular waste, damaged organelles, and proteins

Answer 33

lysosomes

Question 34

a cellular process that delivers damaged organelles and proteins to lysosomes for degradation. this process helps maintain cellular health and remove cellular debris

Answer 34

autophagy

Question 35

in the digestive system, ___ is essential for breaking down dietary proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.

Answer 35

proteolysis