Protein

Question 1

comes from the greek word proteos, meaning “primary” or “first place”

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

proteos meaning

Answer 2

primary or first place

Question 3

For structural and functional purposes

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

Proteins are made up of building blocks called

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

How many amino acids are linked together in different combinations

Answer 5

20 different amino acids

Question 6

proteins found only in animals and they usually serve as structural entities. They are normally insoluble to water

Answer 6

Fibrous proteins

Question 7

Usually do not serve a structural function, they act as transporters, and they are usually water-solluble

Answer 7

Globular proteins

Question 8

2 general categories of proteins

Answer 8

Fibrous protein
Globular protein

Question 9

Proteins in immune system

Answer 9

Antibodies - fight invaders
Compliment system - system of 20 protein molecules that are activated during infections

Question 10

signaling proteins

Answer 10

cytokines - communicate with other cells

Question 11

proteins in the blood

Answer 11

hemoglobin - transports oxygen
fibrinogen - clots blood
albumin - maintain proper amount of liquid in blood

Question 12

Enzymes

Answer 12

Digestive enzymes - helps break down food

Question 13

Acts as enzymes, act as receptors, form channels for substances to move through membrane, 3 types of proteins: peripheral, integral, lipid-bound protein

Answer 13

Cell membrane

Question 14

Structural proteins

Answer 14

Cytoskeleton - network of protein filaments and tubules that maintain cell shape
Keratin - found in skin, hair, and nails
Collagen - provides strength
Elastin - provides flexibility

Question 15

Proteins in the muscle

Answer 15

Actin and Myosin - interactions with each other for muscle movement
Myoglobin - release oxygen to muscles
Ferritin - stores and release oxygen

Question 16

Biological catalysts - speed up chemical reactions

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

Digestive enzymes aid in hydrosis

Answer 17

Lipase
Amylase
Lactase
Protease

Question 18

Molecular biology

Answer 18

Polymerase
Ligase

Question 19

Industry

Answer 19

Dairy, baby food, rubber, beer, photography, contact lenses cleaner

Question 20

Support
Structural proteins

Answer 20

Keratin - hair and nails
Collagen - supports ligaments, tendons, and skin
Silk - cocoons and spider webs

Question 21

transport molecules in the blood

Answer 21

hemoglobin - transport oxygen in the blood

Question 22

allow substances to enter and exit the cell

Answer 22

channeln and carrier proteins in the cell membrane

Question 23

Defense
Combat bacteria and viruses

Answer 23

Antibodies

Question 24

Regulation
Intercellular messengers that influence metabolism

Answer 24

Hormones

Question 25

regulates the amount of glucose in the blood and in cells

Answer 25

Insulin

Question 26

In presence of this determines the height if an individual

Answer 26

Human growth hormone

Question 27

Built into the membranes of nerve cells

Answer 27

Receptor proteins

Question 28

Detect chemical signals (neurotransmitters) release by other nerve cells

Answer 28

Receptor proteins

Question 29

Motion Muscle contraction -make up muscle fibers

Answer 29

Actin and myosin

Question 30

Allow cell components to move from place to place

Answer 30

Motor proteins within the cell

Question 31

Move the cell

Answer 31

Flagella

Question 32

move contents around the cell

Answer 32

cilia

Question 33

Scientist determined thisb 20 set of amino acids and labeled these sets as

Answer 33

the magic 20

Question 34

cross links between sulfurs in amino acids

Answer 34

disulfide bridges

Question 35

linking NH2 ofnone amino acid to COOH of another

Answer 35

peptide bonds

Question 36

2 types of protein synthesis

Answer 36

Transcription Translation

Question 37

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code

Answer 37

Transcription

Question 38

The synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein

Answer 38

Translation

Question 39

Structures of protein

Answer 39

Primary Structure Secondary structure Tertiary Structure Quaternary strucure

Question 40

This structure refers to its amino acid sequence. Amino acids in polypeptides and proteins are joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups adjacent amino acids

Answer 40

Primary structure

Question 41

folding along short sections of polypeptide

Answer 41

Local folding

Question 42

this protein only have secondary structure

Answer 42

fibrous proteins

Question 43

2 types of protein folding

Answer 43

alpha helix Beta-pleated sheet

Question 44

refers to short range, periodic folding elements that are common in proteins.

Answer 44

Secondary Structure: a Helix

Question 45

adopts a cylindrical spiral structure in which there are 3.6 aas per turn

Answer 45

a(alpha) helix

Question 46

adopts an extended conformation. strands tend to occur in pairs or multiple copies that interact with one another via H-bonds perpendicular to the axis of each strand

Answer 46

B (beta) pleated sheets

Question 47

Whole molecule folding Created when the 2ndary structure fold and form bonds to stabilize the structure into a unique shape anchored by disulfide bridges Van der Waals Force (velcro)

Answer 47

Tertiary Structure

Question 48

Have tertiary structure

Answer 48

Globular (spherical) proteins

Question 49

Refers to the folded 3d structure of a protein. It is also known as the native structure or active conformation.

Answer 49

Tertiary structure

Question 50

Tertiary structure is aka

Answer 50

native structure or active conformation

Question 51

2 or more tertiary folded peptide subunits bonded together to make a functional protein

Answer 51

Quaternary structure

Question 52

hiw many polypeptide does a hemoglobin and collagen has

Answer 52

4 3

Question 53

Multisubunit (multimetric) proteins have another level of structural organization known as

Answer 53

Quaternary structure

Question 54

refers to the number of subunits, their relative positions, and contacts between the individual monomers in a multimetric protein.

Answer 54

Quaternary structure

Question 55

Unfolding a protein/changes the shape

Answer 55

Denaturation of protein