Enzymes

Question 1

What is a reactant ?

Answer 1

The starting chemical that’ll react together

Question 2

What is the Product ?

Answer 2

End result of the chemical reaction

Question 3

Are body reactions reversible ?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 4

Release/produce energy
*reactions that involves BREAKING down Big molecules (macromolecules) into smaller ones (“catabolism”)

Question 5

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 5

REQUIRES energy to make them happen.
BUILDING up big molecules (macromolecules) from smaller parts (“anabolism”)

Question 6

Catabolism/Catabolic

Answer 6

A reaction that breaks something down.

Helpful example to remember: “ A cat eating from a bowl”

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

A type of catabolic reaction that specifically uses water to break something down.

Question 8

Anabolism

Answer 8

Any building type reaction
Ex: dehydration synthesis

Helpful hint: “ABCD”- Ånabolic Builds Čatabolic Degrades

Question 9

Is the Formation of a protein a hydrolysis or dehydration synthesis reaction? Is it exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 9

Dehydration Synthesis (builds);Endergonic

Question 10

Breaking down ATP releases energy is?

Answer 10

Exergonic

Question 11

Breaking ATP cost energy is?

Answer 11

Endergonic

Question 12

ATP Cycling

Answer 12

The continues formation + breakdown of ATP in the cell

Question 13

What is ATP built from?

Answer 13

ADP (adenosine Diphosphate) and a phosphate group. (Pi)

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

A type of protein that does a specific job (speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy)

Question 15

Active Site

Answer 15

Pocket in the enzyme where the substrate(reactant) binds and products are formed

Question 16

Catalase

Answer 16

Anything that speed up a chemical reaction
Ex: Enzymes; enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction.

Question 17

Cofactor

Answer 17

Helpers of enzymes. Usually not made of proteins or other enzymes.
Ex: minerals or a vitamin

Question 18

Coenzyme

Answer 18

Helper proteins/enzymes
Ex: coenzyme Q helps make ATP

Question 19

3 Factors affect enzyme activity

Answer 19

1. Temperature 2. pH
   3.Substrate Concentration

Question 20

Substrate Concentration

Answer 20

Generally more substrate= more product produced. Until point of “enzyme saturation”

Question 21

3 ways to turn enzymes “off”

Answer 21

1. Inhibitor molecules 2. Dephosphorylation 3. Negative Feedback inhibition

Question 22

Inhibition

Answer 22

To turn off

Question 23

Competitive inhibitors/inhibition

Answer 23

Inhibitor molecule resembles substrate; compete with substrate for enzymes active site and directly blocks substrate binding

Question 24

Non-competitive inhibitor/inhibition

Answer 24

Inhibitor that doesn’t resemble substrate, binds to an allosteric (alternate) site, inducing shape change of enzymes active site, therefore blocking substrate binding.

Question 25

Dephosphorylation

Answer 25

Removing a phosphate group from an enzyme, usually turns enzymes off.

Question 26

Metabolic pathways

Answer 26

A series of linked chemical reactions, in which the product of one enzyme becomes the substrate for the next enzyme