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Anatomy And Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system

A

An organ system
Consists of bones, cartilage, tendons( muscle to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone)

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2
Q

Functions of skeletal system

A

•Protection
•mineral storage and homeostasis
•Hematopoiesis (in red bone marrow) formation of blood cells
• Fat Storage( in yellow bone marrow)
• Movement
• support

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3
Q

Classifications of Bones by shape

A

Long, short, flat, irregular, Sesamoid

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4
Q

Long bone

A

Longer than wide; knobby ends
Found in arms & legs; fingers & toes

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5
Q

Short bone

A

About equal length & width; rock shaped
Found in wrists and ankles

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6
Q

Flat Bone

A

Thin, may be curved
Found in skull, rib cage & hips

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7
Q

Irregular bone

A

Comped shape; don’t fit other categories

Ex: vertebrae, ethmoid& sphenoid bones(skull)

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8
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Looks like a short bone
Form in tendons in response to mechanical stress

Ex: patella (kneecap)

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9
Q

Diaphysis of long bone

A

Bone shaft (long middle part)

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10
Q

Epiphysis of long bone

A

Knobby ends

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11
Q

Articular Carttilage of long bone

A

Caps the ends

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12
Q

Epiphyseal line of long bone

A

Remnants of growth plate (epiphyseal plate)

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13
Q

Bone texture of long bone

A

Compact/ solid
Spongy

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14
Q

Medullary cavity of long bone

A

Hollow middle; contains red bone marrow (children) or yellow bone marrow (adults)

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15
Q

Endosteum of long bone

A

Inner lining of bone

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16
Q

Periosteum of long bone

A

Tough outer covering of bone

17
Q

Bone remodeling

A

20% of skeleton is replaced each year
In healthy adult bone, osteoblasts and osteoclast work at the same rate.

18
Q

Conditions that tip the balance of bone remodeling

A

Mechanical stress, hormones, and diet

19
Q

Bone cells

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclastS

20
Q

Osteoblast

A

Build bone- becomes trapped➡️ become osteocytes

21
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells
Formally osteoblasts

22
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Breakdown bone

23
Q

Osteon

A

Basic unit of compact bone

Looks like tree trunk

24
Q

Central canal

A

How’s his blood vessels and nerves: parallel to length of bone

25
Q

Lamellae

A

Layers of solid bone around central canal

Looks like rings of tree truck

26
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

Looks like roaches

27
Q

Lacunae

A

Pockets that the osteocytes sit in

28
Q

Canaliculi

A

Canals that the osteocytes project cellular extensions (“arms”) through for communication and diffusion of nutrients.

29
Q

Perforating Canal

A

Houses, blood vessels and nerves perpendicular to the length of the bone

30
Q

Spongy bone structure

A

No osteons
Trabeculae structure; trabecular= solid part of “sponge”
Still has osteocytes in lacunae
Bone marrow fills open space in “sponge”
Always surrounds around the compact bone

31
Q

Cartilage CT Components

A
  1. Cells - chondroblasts(build cartilage) chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells)
  2. Protein fibers: collagen &/or elastic
  3. Ground substance: rubbery
32
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

(Firm/strong)
Articular cartilage (end of long bones)
Costal cartilage (rib cage)
Fetal skeleton and growth plates
Nose
Trachea (windpipes)

33
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

(Weight bearing)
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Meniscus (knee)

34
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

(Springy)
Ear
Epiglottis (part of voice box)

35
Q

Bone formation

A

Called Ossification or osteogenesis
Begins in embryo @8-12 wks
Completed by age 7

36
Q

Two types of ossification

A

Intramembranous ossification- forms flat bones of skull &clavicle
Endochondral ossification- forms all bones below head (expect clavicle)

37
Q

Interstitial Growth

A

Bone growth in length
- epiphyseal plates (childhood)

38
Q

Appositional growth

A

Bone growth in width (adulthood)
Influenced by several factors.

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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