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Anatomy And Physiology > The Plasma Membrane > Flashcards

The Plasma Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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2
Q

Cell size

A

Measured in micrometers (mcm or μm)
Side note: 1 μm is one thousandths of a mm

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3
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Barrier that separates inside & outside the cell

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest structure, where genetic material (DNA) is stored

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5
Q

Plasma membrane Functions

A
  • keeps cytosol inside
  • keeps Interstitial fluid Outside
  • selectively regulates movement of material in and out.
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6
Q

What does the plasma membrane let in?

A

Water, glucose and oxygen

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7
Q

Phospholipids

A

MAIN lipid of the membrane; forms bi later

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8
Q

Cholesterol

A

Stabilizes membrane during temp. change; keeps membrane “fluid”

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9
Q

Glycolipids

A

Part of the glycocalyx (“sugar coating”); cellular ID marker
Extra note: “Glyco” = sugar

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10
Q

Transport proteins

A

Allow certain substances to cross the membrane & move in or out the cell.

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11
Q

Microvilli

A

Increases the surface area of the plasma membrane. For absorption of nutrients/water
On intestinal cells/ kidney cells

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12
Q

Cilia

A

Moves material across the cell surface; sweep back and forth motion; like windshield wipers.
On respiratory tract cells and oviduct cells (fallopian tubes)- sweeps eggs around in the uterus

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13
Q

Flagellum

A

Moves in a whip like motion; like a tadpole tail
- propels the cell through its environment
- on sperm cells

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14
Q

Tights junction

A

Like a zipper or ziplock seal
Holds cells tightly together
Prevents leakage

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15
Q

Where are tight junctions located at?

A

On stomach cells, intestine cells, blood vessel cells and bladder cells

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16
Q

Desmosome

A

Like buttons or snaps b/tw 2 cells
Adds strength to tissue that are pushed or pulled on a lot.
Prevents neighboring cells from pulling apart.

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17
Q

Where are Desmosomes located ?

A

On skin cells

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18
Q

Gap junction

A

Like tunnels or connector pipes
-provides a direct passage for material to flow from cytolsol of one cell into the neighboring cells
- allows flows of ions/electrical signals
-

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19
Q

Where are gap junctions found ?

A

On heart cells

20
Q

Passive Transport

A

Doesn’t require energy input
- generally moves substances w/their natural flow

21
Q

Active Transport

A

REQUIRES energy input
- generally moves substances against their natural flow

22
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

Difference in amount of a substance from one area to another
-Drives diffusion

23
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of solute molecules from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower concentration.

24
Q

Passive transport: Facilitated Diffusion

A

Moves small charged or Polar solutes through the Plasma membrane

25
Q

Facilitated Diffusion requires what type of transport ?

A

Transport Proteins; Channels or carriers
Channels: move ions
Carrier: move glucose

26
Q

Simples Diffusion

A

Moves small non polar solutes straight through the Plasma membrane
- no transport protein required

27
Q

What solutes does simple diffusion move?

A

Small lipids(fatty acids)
Respiratory gasses such as O2 (oxygen gas), CO2 (carbon dioxide),
Hint for remembrance: “Breathing is simple”

28
Q

Leak channel

A

Always open to allow ions to flow through

29
Q

Gates channels

A

Usually kept closed but can open temporarily in response to a certain stimulus (“a key”)

30
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of solvent (water) across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution w/ lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration.

31
Q

Tonicity

A

The ability of a fluid to cause water to move by osmosis

32
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Solute concentration is equal outside the cell and inside the cell—> water won’t move

33
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

Solute concentration is lower outside of the cell than inside—> water will enter the cell (can swell up an burst “hemolysis”)
Hint for remembrance: “Hypo hippo” makes the cell big like a hippo.

34
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside—> water will leave the cell (cell shrivels)
Hint: “Hyper sucks”
Sucks the water out of the cell

35
Q

Why can’t we drink salt water??

A

Seawater is hypertonic.
Our cells will shrivel.

36
Q

Why can drinking too much water in a short period of time kill you?

A

Pure water is hypotonic to our cells.
Too much pure water will cause water to enter cells .
Our cells will swell.

37
Q

Active Transport

A

Always requires energy input, b/c:
Primary and secondary active transport, always move substance against their concentration gradient.

38
Q

Bulk/vesicular transport

A

Move substances too large for transport proteins.
Uses vesicles and ATP energy
Two types of vesicle, transport endocytosis and exocytosis

39
Q

Primary active transport

A

Sodium potassium pump= constantly working (uses up to 30% of cells ATP) to maintain proper concentration gradient (homeostasis) and every cell in the body

40
Q

How many sodium ions and potassium ions does the sodium potassium pump out and in?

A

Pumps, three sodium ions out of cell and pumps two potassium ions into cell

41
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

Sodium potassium pump contributes to charge gradient across cell.
- (RMP)
-Measured as voltage
-80 mV in average cell
Critical for cells that respond to electrical stimulation .

42
Q

Calcium ion pump:

A

Pumps calcium ions out of the RBCs (red blood cells) in neurons.

43
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Uses kinetic energy of one substance, moving down its concentration gradient to provide energy for a second substance to move up (against) it concentration gradient.

44
Q

Endocytosis

A

Moves, large material INTO cells

45
Q

Two types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis: “cell eating” only certain immune system cells can do this ,they eat bacteria ,dead cells or cell fragments.
Pinocytosis: “cell drinking”
all cells do this. Cells drink interstitial fluid, and it dissolves solutes.

46
Q

Exocytosis

A

Moves large material OUT of the cell.
Reverse process of endocytosis

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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