Enzymes

Question 1

what must happen to the molecules for an enzyme to create bonds

Answer 1

The molecules must collide with sufficient energy.

Question 2

Fill in the gap:
The energy of the products must be ____ than that of the substrates

Answer 2

Less

Question 3

what is the minimum amount of energy required t start a reaction called

Answer 3

activation energy.

Question 4

Why is Activation energy used

Answer 4

It gives the molecules sufficient energy to collide successfully

Question 5

whats an example of an activation energy (not in humans)

Answer 5

Heat

Question 6

what shape is an enzyme

Answer 6

its 3d

Question 7

what type of structure is it made out of

Answer 7

tertiary
and
globular proteins

Question 8

what do enzymes do to the activation energy

Answer 8

it lowers the activation energy and therefore speeds up the reaction

Question 9

why is the tertiary structure so important

Answer 9

Because it determines the shape of the active site. which is what the specific substrate will bond to.

Question 10

what are the two main theories about enzymes

Answer 10

Lock and Key
Induced fit

Question 11

Describe the lock and key theory

Answer 11

The active site is thought to be rigid therefore the substrate wouldn’t fit into it.
also if anything else bonds to the active site then the enzymes couldn’t catalyze the reaction.

https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5aed8434c4e20e953d6011/1587232610635-FOZ5ZK5L4BZ2YFXFLB04/Lock+and+Key+Model.jpg

Question 12

Describe the Induced fit theory
(remember the bra or welly)

Answer 12

the Enzymes active site is not exactly the shame shape as the substrate
therefore
when the Enzyme and the substrate bind the active site MOULDS around the substrate.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesciencehive.co.uk%2Fenzymes-alevel&psig=AOvVaw1pVlFprKrVyj7yIgfCOu-W&ust=1696593909987000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCKD93Pzu3oEDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAF

Question 13

when an Enzyme and a substrate bind what do they form

Answer 13

An enzyme substrate complex

Question 14

What is an example of an enzyme in the body

Answer 14

Amylase
Starch————————>maltose

It catalysed the breakdown of starch into maltose is then broken down by other enzymes into glucose.

Question 15

What do globular proteins contain

Answer 15

Hydrophilic amino acids
Hydrophobic amino acids
So they are soluble in water

Question 16

The tertiary structure of the active site is ____________ to the structure of the substrate

Answer 16

Complimentary

Question 17

When they have bonded to the active site the what bonds are formed with the substrate

Answer 17

Temporary bonds