Enzymes

Question 0

What increases reaction rate?

Answer 0

• Increasing the temperature

Question 1

Enzyme

Answer 1

A protein molecule with catalytic properties due to it’s power of specific activation – ability to reduce activation energy to the reaction

Question 2

How do enzymes increase the rate of reactions without rising the temperature?

Answer 2

Lowering the activation energy to create a new reaction pathway

Question 3

How much faster a enzyme controlled reactions?

Answer 3

108-1011 times faster

Question 4

Enzyme structure

Answer 4

Proteins
Globular shape
Complex 3D structure

Question 5

Active site

Answer 5

Where reactions take place

Question 6

How does the active site help speed up the reaction?

Answer 6

The shape and chemical environment inside the active site

Question 7

Cofactors

Answer 7

An additional non-protein molecule that is needed by some enzymes to help the reaction

Question 8

Coenzymes

Answer 8

Cofactors that are bound and released easily

Question 9

Examples of coenzymes

Answer 9

Vitamins
FAD
NAD
NADP

Question 10

Prosthetic groups

Answer 10

Tightly bound cofactors

Question 11

Substrate

Answer 11

The reactants that are activated by the enzyme

Question 12

Active sites and substrates

Answer 12

Lock and key idea

Question 13

Factors affecting enzymes

Answer 13

Substrate concentration
pH
Temperature

Inhibitors: heat level

Question 14

Substrate concentration for non-enzymic reactions

Answer 14

The increase in velocity is proportional to the substrate concentration (linear graph)

Question 15

Saturation point

Answer 15

The point at which all active sites become filled in enzymic reactions

Question 16

Optimum pH values for enzymes

Answer 16

Acidic: 3
Akeline: 8

Question 17

Example of acidic enzyme

Answer 17

Pepsin

Question 18

Example of alkaline enzyme

Answer 18

Trypsin

Question 19

Lactose

Answer 19

Milk sugar:

Galactose + glucose

Question 20

Nuceotides

Answer 20

Found in nucleus

Question 21

Single nucleotides

Answer 21

Mono nucleotides

Question 22

Many nuceotides

Answer 22

Polynucleotides

Question 23

Structure of DNA

Answer 23

Phosphate group
1of 4 nitrogen base
Sugar (deoxyribose)

Question 24

Nucleoside

Answer 24

DNA without a phosphate

Question 25

Pentose example

Answer 25

Ribose

Question 26

Pentose

Answer 26

A sugar with 5 carbons

Question 27

Two groups of nitrogenous bases

Answer 27

Purine | Pyrinide

Question 28

Purine

Answer 28

Adenine | Guanine

Question 29

Pyrinide

Answer 29

Cytosine Thymine Uracil

Question 30

Difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 30

DNA has one less oxygen

Question 31

Sister strands in DNA

Answer 31

Complementary but not identical

Question 32

How are the nitrogenous bases joined

Answer 32

Hydrogen bonds

Question 33

RNA

Answer 33

``` Polynucleotide Single chain of nucleotides Sugar Nucleotides: A, G, C, U All bonds covalent Function: protein synthesis in the nucleus and cytoplasm ```

Question 34

Polynucleotide

Answer 34

Polymer if nucleotides

Question 35

Sugar in RNA

Answer 35

Ribose

Question 36

Types of RNA:

Answer 36

mRNA tRNA rRNA

Question 37

DNA

Answer 37

``` Polynucleotide Double chain of nucleotides Sugar Nucleotides: A, G, C, T Covalent bonds between nucleotides H bonds between bases Function: key role in inheritance and protein synthesis Antiparrallel strands ```

Question 38

Anti parallel strands

Answer 38

5 prime end and is opposite to a 3 prime end

Question 78

How are the nucleotides bonded in DNA

Answer 78

Covalent bonds

Question 79

Function of DNA

Answer 79

Key role in inheritance and protein synthesis