enzymes

Question 1

what breaks down starch and what is the product?

Answer 1

amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into glucose

Question 2

what breaks down protein and what is the product?

Answer 2

protease in an enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 3

what breaks down fats and what is the product?

Answer 3

lipase in an enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

where are amylase made and work?

Answer 4

Amylase is produced primarily in the salivary glands and the pancreas and it works in the mouth and small intestine.

Question 5

where are protease made and work?

Answer 5

Protease is produced mainly in the stomach and pancreas, and it works in the stomach and small intestine.

Question 6

where are lipase made and work?

Answer 6

Lipase is produced mainly in the pancreas and works in the small intestine

Question 7

What are enzymes?

Answer 7

Enzymes are a type of protein and are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body by breaking down large molecules into smaller ones to be digested.

Question 8

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

Answer 8

The lock and key hypothesis is a model that explains how enzymes and substrates fit together specifically, where the enzyme’s active site (the ‘lock’) is complementary to the shape of the substrate (the ‘key’). This model illustrates the specificity of enzyme-substrate interactions.

Question 9

adaptations of villi in the small intestine?

Answer 9

The wall of the villi is one cell thick. This decreases the diffusion distance so absorption is faster

Question 10

Cells lining the villi have micro-villi to increase the surface area so more nutrients are absorbed

Question 11

Cells lining the villi have mitochondria, this is where respiration happens which release energy for the active transport of nutrients

Question 12

There are also many capillaries in the villi. This maintains the concentration gradient of nutrients so the nutrients can continuously absorbed

Question 13

What happens when the temperature or PH level changes drastically?

Answer 13

enzymes denature this means that their active site changes shape and the substrate no longer fits onto the active site because that shapes are no longer complementary

Question 14

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?

Answer 14

37

Question 15

describe the process of fat digestion

Answer 15

fats are hard to digest because they clump together into large globules.

Question 16

this decreases the surface area for lipase to work on

Question 17

bile is made by the liver and is stored in the gall bladder

Question 18

bile is an emulsifier and speeds up fat digestion by breaking up the large fat globules into smaller ones

Question 19

this increases the surface area for the enzyme called lipase can then break down the fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

so it can then be absorbed into the blood

Question 22

bile is an alkaline and turns pink when present