Enzymes / Chemical Reactions Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are redox reactions?
• results in the transfer of electrons from 1 substance to another. Oxidation as the loss of electrons, reduction is the gain of electrons. If the substance is reduced, the other must be oxidized.
OILRIG (losing or gaining)
What are B-Dehydration (condensation) and Hydroylsis reactions?
• these reactions are involved in the buildup and the breaking down of macromolecules
What is dehydration (condensation) reactions?
• join monomers together, by removing an OH from 1 molecule and removing an H from the other resulting in the formation of water
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
• these reactions break apart, larger molecules by splitting an H2O in order to attach an H to one monomer and an OH to another monomer
What is C-Neutralization reactions and Buffers?
• these reactions are important and responsible for maintaining certain pH ranges
Neutralization vs. buffer reactions
Neutralization:
• take place between an acid and a base and results in the formation of water and salt
Buffer:
• act against changes in pH by releasing or absorbing H + ions
What are enzymes?
• biological catalyst that allows reactions to occur
• proteins that help speed up metabolism
• are not used in the reaction
• very specific
• work under specific condition (pH temperature)
What are some ways where enzymes can help lower activation energy?
• providing optimal conditions for reaction to occur
• helping to weaken bonds within the substrate so it can easily break apart
• bringing two substrates together in proper alignment for a reaction
• stabilizing the substrate, so it can react easily
What are A. Activators?
• add the interaction of the substrate and enzyme, usually making the confirmation of the enzyme active site that the substrate better
What are cofactors vs. coenzymes?
Co factors:
• inorganic molecules, such as minerals
Coenzymes:
• organic molecules like vitamins
What is allosteric activation?
• involves activators, attaching to the enzyme in another location away from the active site in order to allow the proper binding of the substrate to the enzyme
What are B. Inhibitors?
• work to reduce enzyme activity in several ways
What is competitive inhibition?
• some inhibitors burned to the active site and block a substrate from binding
What are non-competitive (allosteric) inhibition?
• some inhibitors will bind to another site on the enzyme and changes the enzyme shape completely so the active site is no longer functional
What is allosteric regulation?
• activation can occur when activators attached to the enzyme in another location away from the active site
