Ep

Question 0

Post mi arrhythmia a are

Answer 0

Re entrant variety

Question 1

SSS

Answer 1

Complete heart block is not part of it

Question 2

Ead and dad

Answer 2

EAD triggered activity bradycardia torsades.

dAD. Digitixicity

Question 3

Critical part of reentry circuit is

Answer 3

Slow conduction

Question 4

Pro can challenge

Answer 4

Help ful in brugada and quinidine may be the treatment

Question 5

Signal average EKG

Answer 5

Slow conduction from scar s/p mi

Question 6

Cardiac action potential

Answer 6

Phase O I Na
Phase 1 I to
Phase 2 I kr, I ca, I k
Phase 3 I ks
Phase 4 I Na, I ca

Question 7

Procan challenge

Answer 7

H P disease,and brugada

Question 8

CRT indication

Answer 8

Class 1 EF150

Class2 same with qrs >120

Question 9

Syncope

Answer 9

1-3% ER admits and 6% hospitalizations
3-5 sec hypoperfusion can cause syncope
Carotid hypersensitivity > 3 sec pause

Question 10

Dabigatran

Answer 10

Less ich more GI bleed

Question 11

Antiarrhythmic statagies

Answer 11

Decrease automaticity phase 4
Decrease conduction velocity phase 0
Change refractory period phase 2&3

Question 12

BB and ca blockers

Answer 12

Effect k and ca phase 4 so they are week

Question 13

Lidocaine be cautious

Answer 13

CHF and hepatic dysfunction

Question 14

Dronedarone

Answer 14

Do not use in CHF and permanent afib
Pallas study.
Athena was good out come with afib

Question 15

Adenosine can cause

Answer 15

Afib

Question 16

Adenosine

Answer 16

Avnrt/avet terminated
Focal AT av block increases do not usually terminate
Afib/ flutter unmask AF av block increases

Question 17

High chad score

Answer 17

Need anticoagulation even if the pt is in NSR

Question 18

AFFIRM

Answer 18

Rate control and rhythm control both are equal

Question 19

New anti coagulants

Answer 19

Dabi direct thrombin RE-LY study
Rivaroxaban Xa rocket study

Apixaban Xa. Aristotle study

Question 20

AF ablation
Success 60-80%
Repeat 80%

Answer 20

Symptoms
Paroxysmal AF
LA < 5 cm
No CHF copd sleep apnea

Question 21

Ischemic heart disease

Answer 21

Amio

Difetilide

Question 22

Svt

Answer 22

At is automatic

Avnrt/ avrt are reentrant

Question 23

AVNRT

Answer 23

Fast And slow pathways
Simultaneous AV activation

pseudo R waves

Question 24

AVRT

Answer 24

WPW Orthodromic - down AV Antideomic - retrograde through AV

Question 25

AT

Answer 25

Originate in at risk tissue without AV node, purkinje system or Accessary pathway starting or maintaining it. Could be multi focal MAT

Question 26

Idiopathic out flow VT

Answer 26

cAMP mediated triggered Caffein stress exercise LBBB with inferior axis Beta blockers

Question 27

Transplant

Answer 27

``` Higher baseline sinus rate Sinus node dysfunction in half the patients PVC PAC 60% normal RBBB could be from biopsies 70% AV block uncommon could be rejection VT/VF mean rejection SVT allograft rejection ```

Question 28

VT

Answer 28

Reentrant arrhythmia

Question 29

Brugada

Answer 29

May be triggered by fever

Question 30

Icd trials

Answer 30

AIVD secondary prevention trial | MADIT-2 and SCD-HeFT are primary prevention death benifit by 1 year 31%

Question 31

Icd

Answer 31

In appropriate shock in 25%

Question 32

Afib

Answer 32

Chad score 0 ASA 1 either Asa or Coumadin 2 Coumadin and xarelto or pradaxa

Question 33

Idiopathic VT

Answer 33

First degree AV block with RBBB and left axis

Question 34

A flutter

Answer 34

More common in copd CHF and smoking Non isthmus dependent after surgery Isthmus dependent has saw tooth in 2,3,F

Question 35

Idiopathic vt

Answer 35

RBBB with inferior axis

Question 36

Arvd

Answer 36

Desmosomal protein 20-30years LBBB T inverted V1-V3

Question 37

Gating of cell membrane

Answer 37

Inward rectifier Ikach/ado operated by acetyl choline or adenosine

Question 38

Delayed rectifier

Answer 38

Ikr and Iks

Question 39

Trigger activity

Answer 39

Depends on preceding AP and do not arise from quiet cells

Question 40

EAD

Answer 40

Slow rates Reduction in outward currents Increase inward current 1A,3 anti arrhythmias K channel Pacing abolishes EAD Torsades effects phase 3 action potential

Question 41

DAD

Answer 41

Arises from fully depolarized membrane Phase 4 AP Ca overload digitoxicity calstabin2 Initiated by Premature stimulation and show over drive acceleration

Question 42

Class 1anti arrhythmic

Answer 42

Prolong the ratio of the effective refractory period to APD | Flecanide has slow kinetics use dependent block at slow rates

Question 43

Class3

Answer 43

Prolongs AP increAses refractory period. Block Ikr, principle mechanism for these drugs Reverse use dependence APD prolongation greater in slower rates

Question 44

Ca channels

Answer 44

T type in the nodes L type in the myocardium

Question 45

Ikr Iks channels

Answer 45

Responsible for rapid repolarization of cell membrane during phase 3 of AP

Question 46

Adenosine

Answer 46

A1 AV block A2b vaso dilatation A3,4 bronchi spasm Regadenoson selective A2A agonist