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Community medicine > Epidemiology And Concepts Of Health NB > Flashcards

Epidemiology And Concepts Of Health NB Flashcards

1
Q

Define health

A

State of complete physical , mental and social well being…not only absence of disease/infirmity.

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2
Q

Determinants of health

A 
Biological
Behavioural
Environmental
Socio cultural conditions
Socio Economic conditions
  Economic status
  Occupation
  Political system

Health services
Ageing of population
Gender

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3
Q

Indicators of health

A 
Mortality indicators
Morbidity indicators
Disability rates
Nutritional status indicators (anthropometric assessment)
Health care delivery indicators
Utilization rates
Indicators of social and mental health
Environmental indicators
Socio economic indicators
 (Per capita GNP)
Health policy indicators
Indicators of quality of life
Others(MDG indicator)
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4
Q

Mortality indicators

A 
Crude death rate
Life expectancy
Age specific death rate
Infant mortality rate
Maternal mortality rate
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5
Q

Morbidity indicators

A

Incidence and prevalence
Notification rate
Duration of stay in hospitals

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6
Q

Didability rates

A

Bed disability days
Limitation of activity
Limitation of mobility

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7
Q

Utilization rates

A

Bed occupancy rates
Bed turnover rate
% of population using family planning

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8
Q

Quality of life is measured by

A

Physical quality of life index(PQLI)

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9
Q

Types of host defence mechanisms

A 
Active immunity
  Humoral  immunity
  Cellular immunity
  Combinations
Passive immunity
  Normal human immunoglobulin
  Specific human immunoglobulin
  Animal antitoxins
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10
Q

Levels of prevention

A

Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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11
Q

Modes of Intervention

A 
Health promotion
Specific protection
Early diagnosis and treatment
Disability limitation
Rehabilitation
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12
Q

Mode of disease transmission

A 
Direct
Indirect
Air borne route
Fomite route
Unclean hands and fingers
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13
Q

Direct disease transmission

A 
Direct contact
Droplet infection
Contaminated soil
Animal contact
Transplacental/vertical
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14
Q

Indirect mode of disease transmission

A 
Vehicle route (water , food)
Vector route
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15
Q

Air borne disease transmission

A

Droplet nuclei
Infected dust
Air pollution

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16
Q

Vector route of fisease transmission

A 
Mechanical
Biting/innoculation
Defaecation
Contamination
Biologically
17
Q

Biological mode of disease transmission (types)

A

Propagative
Cyclopropagative
Cyclodevelopmental

18
Q

Define Screening

A

Methods/technique/procedure/examination for early and rapid detectionof unrecognized disease/defect

19
Q

Types of screening

A 
Mass (filariasis)
High risk/selective /target (diabetes)
Multipurpose (VDRL,ELISA,Rh,Hb estimation)
Multiphasic (glycosuria)
Opportunistic (case finding screening)
20
Q

Characteristics of screening test(criteria)

A 
Acceptability
Repeatability
Validity
Yield
Simplicity
Safety
Rapidity
Cost
Senstivity
Specificity
Ease of administration
21
Q

Types of association

A 
Spurious
Indirect
Direct
One to one causal
Multifactorial
22
Q

Criteria of judging causality

A 
Temporial association
Strength of association
Specificity of association
Consistency of association
Coherence of association
Biological plausibility
23
Q

Steps of randomised controlled trial

A 
Protocol
References +population selection
Randomisation
Intervabtion/manipulation
Follow up
Assessment of outcome
24
Q

Classification of epidemiological studies

A 
Observational
  Descriptive 
  Analytical
Experimental
  Randomized controlled trial
  Field trials
  Community trrials
25
Q

Types of analytical studies

A

Ecological
Cross sectional
Case control
Cohort

26
Q

Theories of causation of disease

A

Germ theory of disease
Multifactorial causation
Web of causation

27
Q

3 determinants of state of health

A

Agent factors
Host factors
Environmental factors

28
Q

Age nt factors

A

Physical agents
Chemical agents
Biological agents
Nutritional agents

29
Q

Host factors

A

Socio demographic factors
Phycho sovial factors
Intrinaic characteristics l

Community medicine (16 decks)

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