Epidemiology and public health

Question 1

it is the basic science of public health

Answer 1

study

Question 2

time place and persons

Answer 2

distribution

Question 3

search for the causes

Answer 3

determinants

Question 4

deals with population rather than individual

Answer 4

populations

Question 5

steers public health decisions on developing and evaluating interventions

Answer 5

control

Question 6

two things about infection

Answer 6

the various ways infections can be transmitted
the ways the infection chain can be broken

Question 7

six links in the form of infection

Answer 7

pathogen
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

Question 8

infectious agent

Answer 8

fungi
parasite

Question 9

hosts that do not know the outward signs or symptoms of a disease but are still capable of transmitting the disease are known as

Answer 9

carriers

Question 10

route of escape of pathogen from the reservoir
ex:
respiratory secretions
blood exposure
breaks in skin

Answer 10

portal of exit

Question 11

method by which the pathogen gets from the reservoir to the new host

Answer 11

route of transmission

Question 12

transmission may occur through

Answer 12

direct
air
droplet
vector

Question 13

route to which the pathogen enters its new host

Answer 13

portal of entry

Question 14

the organism that accepts the pathogen

Answer 14

susceptible host

Question 15

the support of pathogen life and its reproduction depends on the degree of the…

Answer 15

hosts resistance

Question 16

identification of infectious agent and appropriate treatment

Answer 16

pathogen identification

Question 17

potential hosts and carriers must practice asepsis and maintain proper personal hygiene

Answer 17

asepsis and hygiene

Question 18

healthcare personnel must practice standard precautions

Answer 18

control portal of exit

Question 19

prevent direct or indirect contact

Answer 19

prevent s route of transmission

Question 20

health professionals must make sure that portal of entry are not subjected to pathogens

Answer 20

protect portal of entry

Question 21

health professionals mist recognized and protect high-risk patients

Answer 21

recognition of susceptible host

Question 22

how to interrupt the chain of infection

Answer 22

1. pathogen identification
2. asepsis and hygiene
3. control portals of exit
4. prevent a route of transmission
5. protect portal of entry
6. recognition of susceptible host

Question 23

high risk patients

Answer 23

cancer patients
aids
transplant
infant and elderly

Question 24

means “on, upon, befall”

Answer 24

epi

Question 25

"upon the body skin"

Answer 25

epidermis

Question 26

means "people, population, man"

Answer 26

demo

Question 27

means study of

Answer 27

ology

Question 28

that which befalls man

Answer 28

epidemiology

Question 29

generally seen as a method to investigate disease

Answer 29

epidemiology

Question 30

an investigative method used to detect the cause or source of diseases in human populations or group

Answer 30

epidemiology

Question 31

study of nature, cause, control and determinants of the frequency and distribution of disease, disability and death in hunan population

Answer 31

epidemiology

Question 32

involves characterizing the distribution of health status, diseases, or other health problems

Answer 32

epidemiology

Question 33

serves as the foundation of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine

Answer 33

epidemiology

Question 34

highly regarded in evidence based medicine for identifying risk factors for disease and determining optimal treatment approaches to clinical practice

Answer 34

epidemiology

Question 35

father of modern medicine in the canin of medicine

Answer 35

persian physician avicenna

Question 36

discovered the contagious nature of tuberculosis snd STD's and the distribution of disease through water and soil

Answer 36

avicenna

Question 37

states that bodily secretion is contaminated by foul foreign earthly bodies before being infected

Answer 37

avicenna

Question 38

introduced the quarantine as a means of limiting the spread of contagious disease

Answer 38

avicenna

Question 39

used the risk factor analysis and proposed the idea of syndrome in the diagnosis of specific disease

Answer 39

avicenna

Question 40

hypothesized that infectious diseases are caused by small "minute bodies" which enter the human body and cause disease

Answer 40

lbn khatima

Question 41

wrote a treatise called ON THE PLAGUE in which he stated how infectious disease can be transmitted through body contact and through garments vessels and earrings

Answer 41

lbn al-khatib

Question 42

proposed a theory that these very small, unseeable, particles that cause disease were alive

Answer 42

girolamo fracastoro

Question 43

"they were considered to spread by air, multiply by themselves and and to be destroyable by fire"

Answer 43

girolamo fracastoro

Question 44

in 1543, he wrote de contagione et contagiosis morbis in which he was the first to promote personal and environmental hygiene to orevent disease

Answer 44

girolamo fracastoro

Question 45

held that disease such as cholera or the black death were caused by a miasma (greek language: pollution)

Answer 45

miasmatic theory of disease

Question 46

pattern of response by a living organisms

Answer 46

disease

Question 47

capable of producing diseases

Answer 47

pathogens

Question 48

process of generating a disease

Answer 48

pathogenesis

Question 49

means disease causing or producing

Answer 49

pathogenic

Question 50

describes the potential ability and strength of a pathogenic substance to cause disease

Answer 50

pathogenicity

Question 51

those which the pathogen or agent has the capability to enter, survive, and multiply in the host

Answer 51

infective disease

Question 52

the extent of pathogenicity or strength of organisms

Answer 52

virulence

Question 53

the capacity and strength of the disease to produce severe and fatal cases of illness

Answer 53

virulence

Question 54

the ability to get into the susceptible host and cause a disease within the host

Answer 54

invasiveness

Question 55

the capacity of microorganisms or enter into and grow in upon tissues of a host

Answer 55

invasiveness

Question 56

factors contributing to the source or causation of the disease

Answer 56

etiology

Question 57

poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organisms

Answer 57

toxins

Question 58

a substance produced by or a semisynthetic substance derived from a microorganisms and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganisms

Answer 58

antibiotics

Question 59

outbreak or occurrence of one specific disease

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epidemic

Question 60

epidemic that is widespread across a country

Answer 60

pandemic

Question 61

the extent that people, within a population who do not have a disease, develop the disease during a specific time period

Answer 61

incidence

Question 62

the number of people within a population who have a certain disease at a given point in time

Answer 62

prevalence

Question 63

refers to the numbers of individuals who develop a specific disease or experienced a specific a health related event during a particulsr time period

Answer 63

incidence

Question 64

refers to the total numbers of individuals in a population who have a disease or health condition at a specific period of time

Answer 64

prevalence

Question 65

is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection

Answer 65

risk factor or determinant

Question 66

many people, objects, avenues of transmission and organisms can be involved in the..

Answer 66

spread of disease

Question 67

4 factors contribute to the outbreak of disease

Answer 67

1. role of the host 2. agent 3. environmental circumstances 4. time

Question 68

is the cause of disease

Answer 68

agent

Question 69

an organism usually human or animal that harbors disease

Answer 69

host

Question 70

is the favorable surroundings and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow disease transmission

Answer 70

environment