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Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What forms epithelium ?

A

Epithelial cells

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2
Q

What are the 4 tissue types ?

A

Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
Connective

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3
Q

What is an epithelium ?

A

Epithelia form continuous sheets of cells.

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4
Q

Function of epithelia

A

Act as barriers :

Between the body and external world
Between fluid compartments within the body

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5
Q

How do epithelia transport molecules ?

A

Via absorptive & secretory processes

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6
Q

Epithelial Cell types

A

Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous

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7
Q

Single Layer of cells

A

Simple epithelium

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8
Q

Basement Membrane

A

Each cell comes into contact with a basement membrane separating it from the underlying tissue

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9
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

Same cell height/width
Have a central nucleus

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10
Q

Columnar cells

A

Cell height is greater than width
Basal nucleus (near the basement membrane)

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11
Q

Squamous cells

A

Flat cells
Disc shaped nucleus

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium function

A

Secretion & Absorption

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13
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium localisation
(4 places)

A

Kidney Tubules
Ducts
Secretory portions of small glands
Ovary surface

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14
Q

Simple columnar epithelium function

A

Absorption
Secretion of Mucus, Enzymes etc.

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15
Q

Simple columnar epithelium types

A

Ciliated
Non-Ciliated but with microvilli

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16
Q

Simple columnar epithelium localisation (non-ciliated)

A

Digestive tract
Gallbladder
Excretory ducts

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17
Q

Simple columnar epithelium localisation (ciliated)

A

Small bronchi
Uterine Tubes

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18
Q

Simple squamous epithelium function

A

Passage of materials by diffusion and filtration
Secretion of lubricating substances

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19
Q

Simple squamous epithelium localisation

A

Alveoli of Lungs
Blood Vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Kidney glomeruli

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20
Q

Simple pseudostratified epithelium

A

Looks like there are multiple layers
All cells are in contact with the extracellular matrix
Several ‘layers’ of nuclei

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21
Q

Simple pseudostratified epithelium types

A

Ciliated
Non-ciliated

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22
Q

Simple pseudostratified epithelium function

A

Secretion of mucus

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23
Q

Simple pseudostratified epithelium localisation (non-ciliated)

A

Large glands
Vas deferens

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24
Q

Simple pseudostratified epithelium localisation (ciliated)

A

Trachea
Upper respiratory tract

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25
Multiple layers of cells
Stratified epithelium
26
Stratified cuboidal epithelium function
Protects underlying tissue
27
Stratified cuboidal epithelium localisation
Largest ducts of sweat glands Mammary glands Salivary glands
28
Stratified columnar epithelium function
Protection and secretion
29
Stratified columnar epithelium localisation
RARE ! Urethra Large ducts of glands Conjunctiva of eyes
30
Stratified squamous epithelium function
Protects underlying tissue
31
Stratified squamous epithelium types
Keratinised Non-keratinised
32
Stratified squamous epithelium localisation (keratinised)
Epidermis of Skin
33
Stratified squamous epithelium localisation (non-keratinised)
Oesophagus Mouth Vagina Urethra Anus
34
Transitional epithelium
Several cell layers Basal cells are cuboidal/columnar Superficial cells are squamous like /dome shaped
35
Transitional epithelium function
Stretches readily permitting distention of urinary organ
36
Transitional epithelium localisation
Ureter Bladder Parts of urethra
37
Types of simple epithelium
Squamous Cuboidal Columnar - (non) ciliated Pseudo-stratified - (non) ciliated
38
Types of stratified epithelium
Squamous - (non) keratinised Cuboidal Columnar Transitional
39
Junctional protein function
Connects cells to each other Connects cells to basement membrane Some allow intercellular communication Enable POLARIZATION
40
Junctional complexes Top to Bottom
Tight Junctions Adherens Junctions Desmosome Gap Junctions Hemi-desmosomes
41
Another name for tight junctions
Zonula occludens
42
Tight Junction function
Hold together neighbouring epithelial cells Prevents passage of molecules and ions. (permeability barrier)
43
Which junction defines the apical/ basolateral boundary ?
Tight Junctions
44
Another name for adhering Junctions
Zonula Adherens
45
Adhering Junction function
Allows cell-cell adhesion via interaction between extracellular domains.
46
Location of adhering junctions
Found directly beneath the tight junctions
47
Another name for desmosomes
Macula Adherens
48
What do desmosomes look like ?
Spot like adhesions arranged on the lateral surface of cells.
49
Function of desmosomes
Allows cell-cell adhesion via interaction between extracellular domains. Intracellular cytoplasmic tail associates with adaptor and signalling proteins.
50
What cells have gap Junctions ?
Gap junctions are not specific to epithelial cells alone, nearly all cells have gap junctions.
51
Structure of gap junctions
Consists of 2 connexons, one from each cell, each formed of 6 connexion subunits
52
Function of gap junctions
Allows intercellular communication
53
Hemidesmosomes function
Attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane
54
Microvilli function
Enables absorption Increases surface area Central core of actin filaments
55
Cilia
Longer than microvilli Cilia move back and forth to move particles
56
Stereocilia function
Longer than microvilli, as the actin filaments are longer
57
Where are microvilli found ?
Small intestine Proximal tube of kidney
58
Where are cilia found ?
Oviduct Respiratory Tract
59
Types of membrane features
Keratin Microvilli Interdigitatons Cilia
60
What are membrane interdigitations ?
Involved in transport and intercellular adhesion. Interlocking membrane folds of adjacent cells.
61
Polarisation of Epithelial cells
Tight junctions form complexes between cells This gives rise to an apical surface and a basolateral surface
62
Function of polarisation of epithelial cells
Enables transport of ion, solutes and water Often against their ionic and concentration gradients.
63
2 types of trans-epithelial transport
Paracellular Transcellular (OR BOTH)
64
Paracellular transport
Occurs between cells via Tight Junctions. Epithelia are considered 'leaky' or 'tight' depending on TJ's Movement from tubule lumen to interstitial space
65
Trans-cellular transport
Occurs through the cell Crosses both apical and basolateral membranes Requires transporters/channels Moves ions against electrochemical gradient
66
# 3 different places Where does trans cellular transport occur ?
Intestine Airway Kidney
67
What are the layers of skin ?
Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Tissue
68
Epidermis structure
Keratinised epithelium Some nerve endings
69
Function of epidermis
Shedding and Regeneration of Skin, approx. 2g per day
70
Dermis structure
Collagenous and elastin rich Tough and Stretchy Vascular and Innervated
71
Function of dermis
Contains har follicles, arrestor pili muscles and some sweat glands
72
Structure of Subcutaneous Tissue
Adipose fat store Vascular and innervated Contains sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine)
73
Where are eccrine glands present?
Present on almost ALL skin Water and some electrolytes
74
Apocrine Glands
Lipid/protein rich secretion 'Activate' with puberty
75
What features of the skin enable protection ?
Keratin, Collagen and Elastin
76
What aids thermoregulation ?
Sweat glands, hair and arrector pili
77
What feature of the skin is present for senses ?
Nerve endings allow recognition of : - Pain - Temperature - Fine touch - Proprioception
78
What are Langer's Lines
Specific lines of tension within skin

Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 (37 decks)

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