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Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 > Structure of Airway > Flashcards

Structure of Airway Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What are some functions of the respiratory system ?

A

Primarily gas exchange
pH balance
Speech/vocalisation

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2
Q

Name the structures that form the conducting portion of the respiratory tract

A

Nose, Nasal cavity, Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Terminal bronchioles

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3
Q

Name the structures that form the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli (ducts and sacs)

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4
Q

What is the respiratory portion involved in ?

A

GAS exchange

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5
Q

Alveoli structures

A

Large surface area
Rich vascular supply
400 million per lung

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6
Q

What is the nose made up of ?

A

Cartilage
Muscle
Soft Tissue
Nasal Bone

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7
Q

What structures communicate within the nose ?

A

Nares (nostrils) communicate with nasal cavities

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8
Q

Function of nasal cavities

A

Serve to warm, humidify and filter inhaled air.

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9
Q

What does the nasal cavity have to help its function ?

A

Large surface area
Well vascularised
Mucus and cilia - clear trapped particles

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10
Q

What does smoking do ?

A

Impairs ciliary function

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11
Q

Position of nasal cavities

A

Posterior to nose

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12
Q

Structure of nasal cavities

A

Bony structure covered by respiratory mucosa

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13
Q

Lateral Wall of nasal cavity structures

A

Ethmoid, inferior nasal concha, maxilla, sphenoid, palatine bone, lacrimal, nasal bone

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14
Q

Medial wall of nasal cavity structures

A

Septal cartilage, ethmoid, vomer

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15
Q

Roof of nasal cavity structures

A

Frontal bone
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

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16
Q

What is the olfactory nerve ?

A

Cranial nerve 1 - CN 1

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17
Q

Olfactory anatomy

A

Olfactory mucosa –> nerves (which pass through the cribform plate) –> bulb –> tract –> medial and lateral striae –> piriform cortices

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18
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is respiratory mucosa ?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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19
Q

Structure of respiratory mucosa

A

Goblet cells
Rich vascular supply and submucosal glands

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20
Q

Function of mucus

A

Mucus traps foreign particles

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21
Q

Function of cilia

A

Moves mucus outside of the airway

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22
Q

What is the CN VII

A

Facial Nerve

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23
Q

What is the CN 1

A

Special sensory - olfactory nerve

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24
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the nasal cavity

Study These Flashcards
A

Rich vascular supply
Anastomoses between internal and external carotid branches

25
ICA
Internal Carotid Artery
26
ECA
External Carotid Artery
27
Name the para-nasal sinuses
Sphenoid sinuses Frontal sinuses Ethmoid sinuses Maxillary sinuses
28
What are the paranasal sinuses ?
Epithelial lined cavities within facial bones around the nasal cavities.
29
Where do the paranasal sinuses drain into ?
The lateral aspect of the nasal cavity.
30
Which para-nasal sinus is particularly prone to sinusitis ?
Maxillary sinus
31
What is the pharynx ?
A fibro muscular tube from the base of the skull to the oesophagus.
32
What structures are included in the pharynx ?
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
33
Functions of the pharynx
Conducts air from nasopharynx to larynx Conducts food/liquid from oropharynx to oesophagus
34
What is the laryngeal inlet ?
Opening that connects the pharynx and the larynx.
35
What are vestibular folds ?
They lie behind the vocal folds. They consist of the vestibular ligament covered by a mucous membrane. They are fixed folds, which act to provide protection to the larynx.
36
What makes up the conus elasticus ?
Vocal ligament Lateral cricothyroid ligament
37
What is the larynx composed of ?
Muscle Cartilage Ligaments/Membranes
38
Where is the larynx located ?
Anterior neck, spanning C3-6 vertebral levels
39
Functions of the larynx
Guarding airway during swallowing Allow voluntary increase in intra-abdominal pressure
40
What cartilages are in the larynx ?
Thyroid Cricoid Epiglottic
41
What type of cartilage is thyroid and cricoid ?
Hyaline
42
What type of cartilage is epiglottis ?
Elastic
43
What is the trachea ?
A fibrocartilagenous tube, conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi.
44
What is the function of the C shaped cartilage rings in the trachea ?
Maintains patency
45
What joins the ends of the cartilage rings in the trachea ?
Smooth muscle called trachealis This is joined POSTERIORLY
46
Name 2 clinical conditions that may affect the upper respiratory tract
Choking Anaphylaxis
47
Vestibular folds
False cords
48
Vocal folds
True cords
49
What is the rima glottidis ?
Area between vocal folds
50
What happens in airway protection ?
Laryngeal muscles act together to pull aryepiglottic folds together, and pulls arytenoids towards the epiglottis.
51
What is phonation ?
Altering tension of vocal cords to change pitch
52
What provides innervation to the larynx ?
Vagus nerve (CN X) Internal, External, Recurrent laryngeal
53
What does the internal laryngeal nerve provide ?
Sensory above vocal cords
54
What does the external laryngeal nerve provide ?
Motor to cricothyroid
55
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve provide ?
Motor to all other laryngeal muscles and sensory to vocal cords and below
56
What provides blood supply to the larynx ?
Superior thyroid artery Inferior thyroid artery
57
What provides venous return from the larynx ?
Superior, middle, inferior thyroid veins to internal jugular and brachiocephalic trunks.
58
What are the lymphatics involved with the larynx ?
Above vocal folds - superior deep cervical nodes Below vocal folds - pre-tracheal/ paratracheal inferior deep cervical nodes

Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 (37 decks)

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