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BIOSCI 107 > Epithelia Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelia Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Features of Epithelia Tissue

A

arranged in continuous sheets (single or multiple layers)
held together by cell junctions
- tight, adherens, gap, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

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2
Q

Basement Membrane

A

found between the epithelium and connective tissue

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3
Q

Components of Basement Membrane

A

Basal Lamina, Reticular Lamina

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4
Q

Basal Lamina

A

secreted by epithelial cells

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5
Q

Reticular Lamina

A

produced by the cells of the connective tissue (fibroblasts)

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6
Q

Function of the Basement Membrane

A

supports epithelium, physical barrier, filtration of substances in kidney, provides surface for epithelial cells to migrate during growth and wound healing

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7
Q

Types of Epithelial Tissue

A

Covering + Inner lining and Glandular

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8
Q

Covering and Lining Epithelia (breakdown)

A

outer covering = protects skin and some internal organs
inner lining = blood vessels, interior systems (respirator, urinary, digestive and reproductive)

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9
Q

Classification of Epithelia Tissue

A

arrangement + shapes of cells

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10
Q

Simple arrangement

A

single layer (absorption, secretion, filtration)

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11
Q

Stratified arrangement

A

2 or more layers (protective)

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12
Q

Pseudostratified arrangement

A

multiple layers
- all cells in contact with the Basement Membrane

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13
Q

Squamous shape

A

flat and thin (passage for diffusion)

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14
Q

Cuboidal shape

A

as tall as they are wide (secretion, absorption)

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15
Q

Columnar shape

A

more tall than wide (secretion, absorption)

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16
Q

Transitional shape

A

cells can change shape depends on organs shape

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17
Q

Glandular Epithelia (location)

A

found in the secretary portions of the gland

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18
Q

Function of the Glandular Epithelia

A

produce and release secretory products

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19
Q

Exocrine

A

produces sweat, tears, saliva, etc.
- secrete into ductal system

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20
Q

Endocrine

A

releases hormones into the bloodstream
- controls mood, growth and development

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21
Q

Simple squamous (function)

A

filtration in kidney, diffusion in lungs and secretion

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22
Q

Location of the simple squamous epithelial tissue

A

in the lining of blood vessels

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23
Q

Sub-types of simple squamous

A

Mesothelium and Endothelium

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24
Q

Mesothelium (location)

A

surrounds organs of the chest, abdominal cavity and pelvis

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25
Q

Endothelium (location)

A

inner lining of blood vessels and lymphatic system

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26
Q

Glands consist of….

A

single cell or a group of cells that secrete substances into ducts, onto a surface or into blood

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27
Q

Simple cuboidal (location)

A

glandular tissue and kidney tubules

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28
Q

simple cuboidal (function)

A

absorption + secretion (mainly in ducts, pipes and tubes)

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29
Q

Simple cuboidal has…

A

apical cilia and microvilli

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30
Q

Simple columnar (location)

A

mainly in the digestive tract (absorption in intestine + secretion in stomach)

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31
Q

Simple columnar (features)

A
  • more cytoplasms = more organelles
  • more metabolically active than squamous cells
32
Q

Simple columnar (function)

A

secret mucus that protects surrounding surface from damage

33
Q

Types of simple columnar

A

Ciliated vs. non-ciliated

34
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

have goblet cells and microvilli
- function = secretion and lubrication of mucus goblet cells

35
Q

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

have goblet cells
- function = assists motility of mucus and foreign objects or oocytes

36
Q

Stratified squamous (features)

A

multiple layers (can sustain damage)

37
Q

Stratified squamous (location)

A

where mechanical/chemical stress are severe
- Keratin will also be present

38
Q

Keratin (function)

A

protein that helps form hair, nails and epidermis

39
Q

Stratified squamous (sub-types)

A

Keratinised and non-Keratinised

40
Q

Keratinised stratified squamous (location)

A

locate in skin

41
Q

non-Keratinised stratified squamous (location)

A

locate in mouth, throat, tongue, oesophagus, anus and vagina

42
Q

Stratified squamous (function)

A

protection from microorganisms and protection from water loss

43
Q

Psuedostratified columnar (appearance)

A

looks like multiple layers but only comprised of a single sheet of cells

44
Q

Psuedostratified columnar (featues)

A

all cells in contact with Basement Membrane but not all reach the apical surface of the tissue

45
Q

Psuedostratified columnar (sub-types)

A

ciliated vs. non-ciliated

46
Q

Ciliated psuedostratified columnar (consists of…?)

A

have cilia on some cells and goblet cells

47
Q

Ciliated psuedostratified columnar (function)

A

secrete mucus from goblet cells

48
Q

non-ciliated psuedostratified columnar (consists of…?)

A

no cilia and lack of goblet cells

49
Q

non-ciliated psuedostratified columnar (function)

A

absorption and protection

50
Q

Psuedostratified columnar (overall function)

A

absorption and secretion of mucus, protection from foreign particles, transporting materials (hormones + enzymes)

51
Q

Microvilli (function)

A

increase SA to absorb more substances

52
Q

Cilia (function)

A

move virus, bacteria and other unhealthy items up and out of the airway

53
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

network of protein filaments and microtubules in cytoplasm

54
Q

Cytoskeleton (function)

A

helps cells maintain their shape, internal organisation and involves in cell movement

55
Q

Cytoskeleton (consists of…?)

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

56
Q

Microfilaments (location)

A

underneath cell membrane and cytoplasm

57
Q

Microfilaments (function)

A

alter cell shape, link cytoplasm to membrane, tie cells together and muscle contraction

58
Q

Intermediate filaments (function)

A

anchor cells together and provides strength against tension

59
Q

Tight junction (key proteins)

A

claudins and occludins

60
Q

Tight junctions (function)

A

keep cell polarity by preventing migration of proteins between apical and basal surfaces

61
Q

Tight junction (location)

A

stomach, intestines, bladder

62
Q

Adherens junction (key proteins)

A

cadherins and catenins

63
Q

Adherens junction (features)

A

have a plaque layer of proteins to join actin to cadherins (through actin filament network)

64
Q

Cadherins

A

span the gap/plaque

65
Q

Catenins

A

link the Cadherins to Actin

66
Q

Adherens junction (function)

A

prevents cell separation from tension forces

67
Q

Desmosome junction (key proteins)

A

Cadherins, Desmoplakin and Keratin

68
Q

Desmosome junction (features)

A

also have a ‘plaque’ like adherens junction

69
Q

Desmosome junction (cadherins)

A

spans the gap and bind to desmoplakin (linker)

70
Q

Desmosome junction (keratin)

A

spans one desmosome to the another on the other side of the cell (anchor)

71
Q

Desmosome junction (function)

A

provides strong adhesion between cells

72
Q

Gap junctions (components)

A

2 hemichannels make up gap junction
- 6 connexIN protein molecules form connexON/hemichannel

73
Q

Gap junctions (description)

A

direction connection between cells

74
Q

Gap junctions (function)

A

allows exchange of ions, second messengers and small metabolites between adjacent cells

75
Q

Hemidesmosome (key proteins)

A

Integrin, Laminin, Keratin

76
Q

Hemidesmosome (Keratin)

A

linker protein - binds to Laminin in the Basement Membrane and Keratin intermediate filament in the cytoplasm

77
Q

Hemidesmosome (function)

A

connects epithelia to Basement Membrane
- links Keratin to Basement Membrane

BIOSCI 107 (3 decks)

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