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Epithelium & Glands Flashcards

Describe and recognize histological components of epithelia (55 cards)

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1
Q

What 3 surfaces of the body are not covered by epithelial cells?

A
  1. articular cartilage of joints
  2. tooth enamel
  3. anterior surface of iris
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2
Q

6 basic functions of epithelia?

A
  1. protection (skin)
  2. absorption (intestines)
  3. transport of material @ surface (cilia)
  4. secretion (glands)
  5. excretion (kidney tubules)
  6. gas exchange (lung alveoli)
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3
Q

T/F, epithelial cells have almost no free intercell substances

A

True

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4
Q

T/F, most epithelial cells renew continuously by mitosis

A

True

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5
Q

Are epithelial cells vascular?

A

No, nutrients delivered by diffusion

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6
Q

What cell structure forms boundary b/w apical & basolateral domains of epithelial cells?

A

Tight junction

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7
Q

What is a major component of microvilli and where is it found?

A
  • actin

- small intestine & proximal convoluted tubule of kidney

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8
Q

Major component & location of stereocilia (steriovilli)?

A
  • actin

- vas deferens/epipidymis

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9
Q

Major component & location of cilia?

A
  • MTs

- resp tract, Fallopian tube, sperm

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10
Q

Major distinguishable feature of stereocilia?

A

Branches (looks like a cactus)

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11
Q

What junction functions as a barrier on lateral surface of epithelia? 3 examples?

A
  • Tight junction/zona occludens/occluding junction

- occludins, claudins, ZO proteins

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12
Q

Major type of adhering junction? 2 examples?

A
  • adherens junction/zonula adherens/adhering belt/anchoring junction
  • e-cadherin, catenin complexes
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13
Q

Adhering junction associated w/ IM filaments? Major example?

A
  • desmosome (Macula adherens)

- cadherin family of proteins (desmogleins & desmocollin)

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14
Q

Major type of communicating junction? Example?

A
  • gap junction; connexin
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15
Q

What are the 2 components of basement membrane?

A
  1. basal lamina

2. reticular lamina

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16
Q

Staining method used to ID basement membrane? Why are they able to be stained?

A
  • periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

- rich in glycoproteins

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17
Q

Major components of basal lamina? (5)

A
  • laminin
  • fibronectin
  • type IV collagen
  • heparan sulfate proteoglycans
  • nidogen (entactin)
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18
Q

Major component of reticular lamina?

A
  • type III collagen (reticular fibers)
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19
Q

Location of simple squamous epithelium? (4)

A
  1. blood vessel lining (endothelium)
  2. body cavity lining (mesothelium)
  3. resp space lining (alveoli)
  4. Bowman’s capsule in kidney
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20
Q

Function of simple squamous epithelium? (3)

A
  1. exchange of gases/nutrients
  2. barrier
  3. lubrication
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21
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium? (2)

A
  1. absorption/secretion

2. protection

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22
Q

Locations of simple cuboidal epithelium? (4)

A
  1. small ducts of exocrine glands
  2. surface of ovary
  3. kidney tubules
  4. thyroid follicles
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23
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelium? (3)

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A
  1. absorption/secretion
  2. protection
  3. lubrication
24
Q

Locations of simple columnar epithelium? (3)

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A
  1. lining of GI sys
  2. lining of gallbladder
  3. some large ducts
25
Functions of stratified squamous epithelium? (2)
1. protection | 2. secretion
26
Locations of stratified squamous epithelium? (3)
1. oral cavity lining 2. esophagus lining 3. vaginal lining
27
Function of stratified cuboidal epithelium? (1)
1. absorption/secretion
28
Locations of stratified cuboidal epithelium? (2)
1. sweat glands/ducts | 2. larger ducts of exocrine glands
29
Functions of stratified columnar epithelium? (2)
1. secretion/absorption | 2. protection
30
Location of stratified columnar epithelium? (1)
1. largest ducts of exocrine glands
31
Functions of pseudostratified epithelium? (3)
1. protection 2. secrection/absorption 3. lubrication
32
Locations of pseudostratified epithelium? (5)
Linings of: 1. trachea 2. bronchi 3. nasal cavity 4. ductus deferens 5. parts of epididymis
33
Key function of transitional epithelium?
Ability to distend
34
Only location of transitional epithelium?
Renal system (urethra, bladder, ureters, renal calyces)
35
3 types of exocrine glands and location in body?
1. merocrine gland (facial glands) 2. holocrine gland (underlies skin/hair) 3. apocrine gland (breast)
36
Where is nucleus located in columnar cells? Shape?
- elongated | - located on basal side
37
Secretory mechanism of holocrine glands?
Terminally differentiated cells filled w/ lipid product are released
38
Secretory mechanism of merocrine glands?
Exocytosis
39
Secretory mechanism of apocrine glands?
Secrete fat droplets
40
What are goblet cells (mucous glands)? Function?
Exocrine glands that produce mucous
41
What are serous glands? How to stain them?
- exocrine glands that produce largely enzymes | - stain darkly w/ H&E due to their high RER & secretory granule content
42
Functions of basement membrane? (9)
1. filtration (semi-permeable) 2. structural support for epithelial cells 3. attach epithelia to underlying connective tissue 4. organize integrins & other PM proteins 5. maintain cell polarity 6. localize endocytosis & signal transduction 7. mediate cell-to-cell interactions among epithelia 8. mark routes for cell migration along epithelia 9. repair/regeneration
43
What IM filament is found in the cytoplasm of most cells?
Keratin
44
What 2 features used in naming epithelial cells?
1. # of layers | 2. shape
45
What type of gland produces glycoproteins that absorb water to form sticky secretions?
Mucous glands | produce mucin
46
What component of resp tract epithelial cells protect body from foreign particles?
Cilia
47
Zona adherens junctions = cadherins + ?
Actin filaments
48
Macula adherens junctions = cadherins + ?
IM filaments
49
What do focal adhesions link?
ECM to intracell actin bundles thru integrins
50
What do hemidesmosomes link?
ECM (basal lamina) to intracell IM filaments thru integrins
51
What are the 2 broad classifications of epithelial cells?
1. Lining/coating | 2. Glandular
52
What types of secretory units does the submandibular gland contain?
1. serous | 2. mucous
53
T/F, serous secretions are protein-rich watery
True
54
T/F, mucous secretions are protein-rich watery
False, carb-rich & viscous
55
Epithelial cancers are usually the result of reduced expression of what gene?
E-cadherin

Histology (7 decks)

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