EPSP. action potentials stuff

Question 1

Describe the difference plans of view of the brain

Answer 1

Dorsal- top
Ventral- bottom
Anterior rostral- front
posterior caudal- back
lateral- side
contralateral- oposite
ipsilateral- same

Question 2

hypothalamus

Answer 2

helps manage your body temperature, hunger and thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure and sleep

Question 3

Amygdala

Answer 3

processing emotions, particularly fear, and in regulating various physiological and behavioral responses

Question 4

Hippocampus

Answer 4

memory and spatial navigation.

Question 5

Thalamus

Answer 5

information relay station

Question 6

Cingulate Gyrus

Answer 6

regulates emotions, pain, and behavior

Question 7

Basal Ganglia

Answer 7

It plays a part in controlling automatic movements and behaviors, and it’s involved in reward processing

Question 8

Parahippocampal Gyrus

Answer 8

spatial memory

Question 9

what are the structors of the limbic system

Answer 9

Amygdala
Hippocampus
hypothalamus
Cingulate Gyrus
Parahippocampal Gyrus
Mammillary Body

Question 10

Mammillary Body

Answer 10

Linked to memory processing, especially in the formation of new memories

Question 11

what is the cerebral cortex

Answer 11

outermost layer of the brain and is divided into four main lobes

Question 12

what are the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex

Answer 12

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

Question 13

what are the functions of the frontal lobe

Answer 13

involved in higher cognitive functions such as reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and voluntary motor control. The prefrontal cortex, a part of the frontal lobe, is particularly important for personality, decision-making, and social behavior.

Question 14

what are the functions of the parietal lobe

Answer 14

processes sensory information related to touch, temperature, and pain.

Question 15

what are the functions of the occipital lobe

Answer 15

primarily responsible for processing visual information. It helps you perceive and interpret what you see.

Question 16

what are the functions of the temporal lobe

Answer 16

important for processing auditory information, memory, and language.

Question 17

draw and label a neuron

Answer 17

.

Question 18

what are the three R’s to animal research

Answer 18

Replacement
Reduction
Refinement

Question 19

sagittal view of the Brian

Answer 19

divides the right and left hemisphere of the brain into two parts

Question 20

Describe IPSP

Answer 20

a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potentia

Question 21

describe EPSP

Answer 21

temporary change in a neuron’s membrane potential that makes it more likely to fire an action potential. EPSPs occur when a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a neuron, causing positively charged ions to flow into the cell.

Question 22

GABA

Answer 22

main inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 23

Glutamate

Answer 23

main excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 24

Dopamine

Answer 24

reward and motivation

Question 25

serotonin

Answer 25

mood, sleep, memory

Question 26

Acetylcholine

Answer 26

motor control, automatic nervous system, learning

Question 27

Describe summation

Answer 27

the process where multiple synaptic inputs, both excitatory and inhibitory, are added together at the axon hillock to determine whether the neuron will fire an action potential, essentially acting as a "decision-making" mechanism based on the combined strength of all incoming signals; this includes both spatial summation (from different neurons firing simultaneously) and temporal summation (from rapid firing of a single neuron).

Question 28

what is the cerebellum

Answer 28

motor coordination and balance

Question 29

how do action potentials work

Answer 29

a rapid electrical signal that travels along a neuron's axon, generated by the opening and closing of voltage-gated ion channels, causing a temporary shift in the membrane potential from negative to positive, then back to negative again

Question 30

what is spatial summation

Answer 30

When signals from multiple presynaptic neurons arrive at the same time, their effects are added together.

Question 31

what is temporal summation

Answer 31

When signals from a single presynaptic neuron arrive rapidly in succession, their effects are added together.

Question 32

Tell me about Phineas gage

Answer 32

He had damage to his left frontal lobe due to a rod going through his head. He then became very impatient, profane, and unreliable. A few months after the accident he went back to work and lived another 12 years

Question 33

fMRI

Answer 33

measures changes in blood flow (blood oxygen levels)

Question 34

MRI

Answer 34

magnetic field aligns with axis of rotation and tilts them with radio frequency

Question 35

Hyperpolarization

Answer 35

Hyperpolarization is when the membrane potential becomes more negative. Neuron goes below resting potential.

Question 36

depolarization

Answer 36

depolarization is when the membrane potential becomes less negative (more positive)