EQ GI Flashcards
Which liver enzymes are hepatocellular?
ALT, AST, LDH, SDH, GLDH
Which hepatocellular enzymes are liver specific?
SDH GLSH
Which hepatocellular enzymes are NOT liver specific (what else might cause them)?
ALT, AST, LDH, muscular damage
Which liver enzymes are cholestatic?
ALP, GGT
Describe the different types of ALP.
L-ALP (liver), B-ALP (bone), C-ALP (corticosteroid induced), I-ALP (lost in GIT
Why might a dog on steroids have an increased ALP value?
Increased C-ALP
What are the markers of liver function?
Bile acids, cholesterol, bilirubin (albumin - non-specific)
What can cause pre-hepatic hyperbilirubinaemia? What type of bilirubin measured this?
Haemolysis - unconjugated
What can cause hepatic hyperbilirubinaemia? What type of bilirubin measured this?
Hepatitis (hepatocyte dysfunction) - conjugated initially and then unconjugated
What can cause post-hepatic hyperbilirubinaemia? What type of bilirubin measured this?
Extra-hepatic obstruction - conjugated
What is the predominating clinical signs of hyperbilirubinaemia?
Jaundice - delta-bilirubin
What biochemical substances would be used to measure liver cell function?
Bilirubin and bile acids. NH3, urea, immunoglobulins, albumin
What liver abnormalities may be suggested with a reduction or increase in glucose?
Increase - decreased portal absorption, decreased - reduced glycogen stores
Why might serum albumin be decreased whilst immunogloblins are severely increased?
Liver is busy making immunoglobulins rather than albumin
What type of liver disease may cause microcytosis?
PSS
What type of liver disease may cause ovalocytosis?
Hepatic lipidosis
Why is a BAST more sensitive that a random BA serum test?
Feeding stimulates gall bladder contraction which releases bile acids into the intestine and portal circulation (after intestinal absorption). This increases the load of bile acids that must be extracted from blood by the liver and increases the sensitivity of the procedure to hepatobiliary or vascular defects.
Why can a BAST not be used in the horse?
They don’t have a gall bladder
