Transfusion medicine Flashcards
(44 cards)
What indications would you have for blood transfusions in a patient?
Non-regenerative anaemia, blood loss (acute/ chronic), Haemolytic anaemia (?), thrombocytopenia, DIC
What clinical presentation may indicate a blood transfusion?
Weak, ataxia, pale mm, reduced PCV, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, hypoxia
How are blood types defined?
By the surface antigens expressed by the RBCs
Which species has naturally occurring antibodies to RBC antigen that are not their own?
Cats
Which species are seen to have an increase in RBC antigen antibodies post-transfusion?
Dog
Name the different blood types expressed in dogs.
CEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
Which of the blood types in dogs is considered the most important?
CEA 1.1 (test for positives and negatives)
Which of the blood types in dogs is most associated with transfusion reactions?
CEA 1.2
Which of the blood types in dogs may cause sensitisation and delayed haemolysis in negative dogs?
CEA 3, 5, 7
Which of the blood types in dogs DO NOT cause haemolysis?
CEA 4
How can platelets be affected by repeat transfusions in dogs?
MHC antigen on platelets may be sensitised - destruction of platelets
How long would you expect transfused RBCs to last in dogs?
21 days
Why would you be cautious of using a donor dog which was un-vaccinated and had recently travelled abroad?
Tick borne disease - babesia, leishmania, ehrlichia. Other blood borne illness
Which breed of dog may be considered an ideal donor and why?
Greyhounds - most of them are CEA 1.1 negative
What is the minimum interval which should be employed between a dogs blood donations?
28 days
Why are CEA 1.1 negative dogs the most useful donors?
60% of dogs are CEA 1.1 -ve - DON’T give positive
What is the difference between major and minor cross-matching?
Major - detects AB in recip against donor RBCs. Minor - detects AB in donor against recip blood
In which situations is cross matching vital in dogs?
After repeat transfusions (when ABs are produced)
After donation what is vital for the donor to recieve?
Crystalloids (2-3x volume donated)
What blood types are found in cats?
A, B and AB
Which blood type is most commonly found in DSH in the UK?
A
British short hairs more frequently express which blood type?
Type B
Which breed of cat is exclusively type A blood?
Burmese
Which gene is dominant in A/B cats? How does this work?
A is dominant. In A/B cats an enzyme converts B to A on the cell
