Leukocyte response to diseases Flashcards
(17 cards)
Name the five types of leucocytes in circulation and their major functions.
Innate immunity - phagocytosis of micro-organisms
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes Adaptive immunity
- Lymphocytes Parasitic immunity/ allergy
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Which leucocytes are considered PMNs?
NeutrophilEosinophilBasophil
What is the average maturation time of neutrophils in bone marrow?
7 days
What is the average blood transit time of a neutrophil?
6-10 hrs
How are mature neutrophils removed from circulation?
Lost across mucosal surfacesRemoved by macrophages in the liver/spleen
What do you expect to manifest first with a sudden arrest of haemopoiesis?
- Anaemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Lymphopenia
- Neutropenia
- Monocytopenia
Neutropenia - they have the shortest blood transit time
What neutrophilresponses are seen during inflammation?
Neutrophils
- Neutrophilia most common (usually more cells are released than consumed)
- Left shift
- Toxic change
- Neutropenia - overwhelming inflammation/infection
Left shift.
Increased number of immature neutrophils (band or earlier stages)
Toxic change neutrophils
- Increased basophilia (blue)
- Dohle bodies - blue granules
- Vacuoles - foamy appearance
- Less condensed chromatin
Due to reduced maturation time - intense stimulation of myelopoiesis
Describe the lymphocyte responses to inflammation.
Lymphopenia
- Acute viral infections Lymphocytosis
- Chronic inflammation - lymphoid hyperplasia
Describe the haematological responses to adrenaline release.
Lymphocytosis
- Splenic contraction
- Mature small lymphocytes seen Neutrophilia
- Shift from marginated pool to circulating pool
- No band neutrophils
Stress leucogram…
- Neutrophilia - reduced margination, hypersegmentation (longer time in circulation)
- Lymphopenia results from retention of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs and lymphocyte lysis. Common and prolonged
- Eosinopenia
- Monocytosis - movement of monocytes from the marginating to circulating pool.
What haematological responses are seen due to bone marrow injury?What are some examples of causes of this?
Neutropenia - bone marrow hypoplasia.Eventually pancytopenia is seen but neutropenia is the first to be seen.Causes:
- Parvovirus
- Chemo drugs
- Chronic ehrlichiosis
- Neoplasia
- Drug reaction - antifungal, phenobarb
Describe the haematological changes seen with haematopoietic neoplasia..
Leukaemia
- Leucocytosis
- Lymphoid leukaemia - clonal expansion of neoplastic cells
- Myeloid leukaemia
What leucocyte quantitative alteration is most suggestive of acute inflammation?
Neutrophilia with left shift
What leucocyte quantitative alteration often happens in excited cats?
Lymphocytosis
What values of leucocytes on a blood smear are considered high and low?
Leucopenia Leucocytosis >50 WBC in x10 field
