EQ1 Flashcards
(54 cards)
what is development
Development means the ways in which a country seeks to develop economically and to improve the standard of living for its inhabitants
TRUE or FALSE: development never ends
TRUE
Development is a process that never ends.
Despite discussing ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ nations, no country stops developing.
how is development a multi dimensional process
Economic growth including employment sector structure
Investment and technological progress
Advances in health and education
Evolution of social and political institutions
how is development traditionally measured
GDP per capita
the income of a country per person
why do IGOs play a role on development
- Transfer resources (e.g. money) from wealthier nations to poorer nations
- Provide international problem-solving expertise
- Coordinate global objectives
what is the world food programme
an IGO that has 36 memebr states that “Deliver food assistance in emergencies and work with communities to improve nutrition and build resilience.”
what are SAPs
structural adjustment projects
SAPs (Structural Adjustment Programmes) are basically “strings attached” to the loan/assistance
what IGO promoted the use of SAPs
The world bank
how are SAPs ‘strings attached’
In return for getting the loan/assistance countries are forced to privatise (sell off) government assets, cut government spending and drop trade barriers (protectionism). This is so that they can attract more FDI and TNC activity and improve their finances and economy
what issues might SAPs occur for a country
-Education and healthcare spending is cut
-Less spending leads to less consumption, reducing tax revenue and GDP
-Trade barriers are removed and national assets sold off facilitating TNCs are able to access their resources and exploit them
- Liberalisation can lead to devaluation and inflation
- In order to pay off debts, countries get forced into export of low value raw materials
Why is drug resistant infections a problem that needs to be tackled
antimicrobial resistance is a huge concern as it is on the rise globally in both humans and animals.
This is worrying as many common infections will become untreatable which could lead to a snowball effect of reversing decades of development gains.
define totalitarian regime
low levels of spending on health and education
define welfare state
high levels of social spending
define socialist government
welfare state funded by taxpayers. High spending on social justice e.g. healthcare, education
define capitalist government
committed to economic development with spending in favour of industrial and business infrastructure
define democratic government
voted for so social progress needs to be taken into account
define totalitarian government
leadership does not need to worry about attitudes of people so pursue their own objectives
what causes variation on where (i.e how much is spent on education, health services etc) governments spend their money
the governments attitude towards social progress
define ethnicity
the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.
define morals
standards of the behavior or principle of beliefs of an individual to judge what is right and wrong
define values
things that have an intrinsic worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor
how does the economy influence healthcare
Countries with more money can afford better health care.
There is a close link between income and health (life expectancy)
Countries in the northern hemisphere tend to be healthiest and wealthiest
Most unhealthy, poor countries are in Africa
Countries ‘above the line’ (i.e. healthy but poor) tend to have totalitarian governments (Nicaragua, North Korea, Vietnam – recent Communist government)
Countries below the line (unhealthy but richer) tend to be war torn (Afghanistan, South Sudan, Angola (till recently)
how does education influence healthcare
Better education levels means more trained doctors. Also a greater awareness about diets, sanitation and contraception.
how does age affect health
Countries with ageing populations are more likely to have an increased death rate.
