EQ2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
define convention
an international agreement between countries to cover a specific matter that may then become a source of international law
define protocol
A less formal type of agreement that helps to interpret parts of a formal agreement or regulate on technical matters
is the geneva convention effective?
The Geneva convention has been effective in holding those accountable after their actions have taken place such as Adolf Eichmann’s involvement in WW2 leading to him being hanged. However, the war crimes still occurred and are still occuring in places such as Yemen, Ukraine, Afghanistan etc
it seems as though the Geneva Convention is only effective after conflict has ceased and then the war can almost be reviewed to then see who is at fault for war crimes taking place.
However you can also argue without the Geneva Convention there could’ve been plenty more war crimes happening we just don’t know what the world would be like without them.
define rights
- a moral or legal entitlement to have or do something (deserving of something)
define article
An individual piece of a larger document, contract or treaty.
define act
A degree passed by a respective legislature (e.g. national government) which should be signed into law
define ratified
Approval or confirmation of a previous contract or other act that would not otherwise be binding in the absence of such approval
define tribunal
An institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes
define treaty
An agreement signed between states, recognised under international law
define convention
An international agreement between countries to cover a specific matter that may then become a source of international law
define international law
The legal rules that have been established by treaty and recognised (ratified) by countries as binding in their international behaviour and relations
why did the USSR not join UDHR in 1948
it did not sufficiently condemn Fascism and Nazism
why did saudi arabia not join UDHR in 1948
due to clauses on freedom of religion and freedom of women.
what is ECHR
The european convention on Human rights
when was the council of europe formed
1949 following WW2 to establish better relationships between European countries.
what did the council of europe form in 1950 based on UDHR
The European Convention on Human Rights was created by the Council of Europe based on UDHR in 1950
when was the european convention on human rights approved by the uk
1951
what is the purpose of the ECHR
Its purpose is to achieve greater unity and a realisation of human rights and fundamental freedoms. There are 59 articles and various protocols within the convention.
what was set up to ensure countries complied with ECHRs protocols/arcticles
The European Court of Human Rights was set up in 1959 to interpret and ensure compliance with ECHR, acting as a checking mechanism on national laws. For example, the UK Human Rights Act of 1998 was based on the ECHR to make it more effective in UK law.
whata re the differences between UDHR and ECHR
The UDHR is not a treaty as countries have signed up to its principle however it’s just a declaration.
Members of the council of Europe must have delegated ECHR into local law unlike the UDHR.
how has the ECHR influenced UKs Human rights act
This convention, like the UDHR, is made up of lots of articles, each with a specific human right. It has played an important part in developing an awareness of human rights in Europe. With the UK’s human rights act incorporating the ECHR into UK law.
define national sovereignty
National sovereignty is the idea that a country’s government determines the laws and policies in that country, and no higher authority has supreme power
what are ways that political corruption take form?
Allowing private interests to dictate government policy
Taking decisions that benefit those who are funding the politicians
Diverting foreign aid and resources into the pockets of politicians
what is the corruption perception mission
to stop the abuse of power, bribery and secret deals.
