equilibrium Flashcards
what happens when a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium?
the rate of reverse and forward reactions are equal
define the term dynamic equilibrium
when a reversible reaction in a closed system, when equilibrium is achieved, the rate of the reverse and forward reactions are the same
what is the Le Chatelier principle?
for a reaction in a dynamic equilibrium, if a change is proposed on the system, the eqm shifts to oppose the change
what can the Le Chatelier principle be used to explain?
the Le Chatelier principle can be used to predict the effect of changes in temperature , pressure and concentration on the position of eqm in homogenous reactions
what happens to the position of an equilibrium if pressure is increased?
the eqm shifts to the side of the reaction with the least number of gaseous molecules
what happens to the position of equilibrium if temperature is increased?
the eqm shifts in the endothermic direction to reduce the change in temperature
what happens to the position of equilibrium if the concentration of reactant increases?
the eqm shifts to the products to remove the added reactants
how does the addition of a catalyst affect a reaction at eqm?
does not affect the position of eqm but increases the rate at which eqm is achieved
how does information show if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic?
reactions at eqm are shown with a value of △H in the forward direction.
-△H indicates the forward reaction of exothermic and therefore the reverse reaction is endothermic. +△H indicated the forward reaction is endothermic and therefore the reverse reaction is exothermic
how are concentrations shown in an equilibrium expression?
[] inside square brackets
if a reaction is exothermic in the forward reaction, what happens if the temperature increases?
reaction shifts in the endothermic direction
if a reaction is exothermic in the forward reaction, what happens if the temperature decreases?
shifts in the exothermic direction
